广州市中心城区冬季大气PM2.5污染状况与居民每日死亡的关系

发布时间：2018-10-14 13:06

【摘要】：目的了解2013年广州市中心城区冬季PM2.5污染特征及其对居民死亡的影响。方法于2013年11和12月,每月10—16日采集广州中心城区大气PM2.5样本,分析样本中的12种金属元素(Pb、Mn、Al、Cd、Cr、Sb、As、Be、Hg、Ni、Se、Ti)、4种无机水溶性离子(NO3-、SO42-、NH4+和Cl-)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs);收集2013年度中心城区的大气PM2.5日平均浓度和2013年居民的每日死亡数据,利用广义相加时间序列模型分析大气PM2.5日平均浓度与居民非意外总死亡、呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病死亡的关系。结果 PM2.5中,无机水溶性离子质量所占比例最高(38.29%),其中NO3-平均浓度最高(14.42μg/m3),其次是SO42-(13.94μg/m3);金属成分中Al的含量最高(239.99 ng/m3),其次是Pb(138.15 ng/m3);多环芳烃中苯并[b]荧蒽(Bb F)的含量最高(3.96 ng/m3),其次是荧蒽(Flu)(3.61 ng/m3),苯并[a]芘(Ba P)为2.89 ng/m3。时间序列分析显示,大气中PM2.5浓度在滞后1d时非意外总死亡的健康效应最大,PM2.5浓度每升高10μg/m3居民非意外总死亡率升高1.20%(95%CI:0.63%~1.77%);在滞后3 d时心血管疾病的死亡效应最大,PM2.5每升高10μg/m3居民心血管疾病死亡率升高1.41%(95%CI:0.62~2.21%),未发现PM2.5对于呼吸系统疾病的死亡有显著的影响(lag0~lag3)。结论广州市中心城区大气PM2.5吸附的无机水溶性离子以NO3-和SO42-为主,PM2.5浓度的升高会引起相关疾病,尤其是心血管疾病死亡率的增加。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in winter and its influence on residents' death in the urban center of Guangzhou in 2013. Methods Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected from November and December of 2013 in central city of Guangzhou on 10-16 days of each month. Twelve metal elements (Pb,Mn,Al,Cd,Cr,Sb,As,Be,Hg,Ni,Se,Ti), four inorganic water-soluble ions (NO3-,SO42-,NH4 and Cl-) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed to collect daily mean concentrations of atmospheric PM2.5 and daily death of residents in 2013. A generalized additive time series model was used to analyze the relationship between daily average concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 and non-accidental total death respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. Results in PM2.5, The content of inorganic water-soluble ions was the highest (38.29%), with the highest average concentration of NO3- (14.42 渭 g/m3), followed by SO42- (13.94 渭 g/m3), the highest content of Al (239.99 ng/m3) in metal composition, followed by Pb (138.15 ng/m3), and the highest content of benzo [b] fluoranthene (Bb F) (3.96 ng/m3) in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3.96 ng/m3), followed by the content of benzo [b] fluoranthene (Bb F) in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3.96 ng/m3), followed by SO42- (13.94 渭 g/m3). Fluoranthene (Flu) (3.61 ng/m3, benzo [a] pyrene (Ba P) 2.89 ng/m3. Time series analysis shows that The health effect of non-accidental death in the atmosphere was the highest when the concentration of PM2.5 was 1 day behind. The total non-accidental death rate of residents with 10 渭 g/m3 increase of PM2.5 concentration increased by 1.20% (95 CI: 0.63 + 1.77%), and the death effect of cardiovascular disease was the biggest at 3 days after the increase of PM2.5 concentration, and the heart blood of residents with 10 渭 g/m3 PM2.5 increased. The mortality rate was increased by 1.41% (95 CI: 0.62U 2.21%). No significant effect of PM2.5 on respiratory disease death was found (lag0~lag3). Conclusion the inorganic water-soluble ions adsorbed by PM2.5 are mainly NO3- and SO42- in the central city of Guangzhou. The increase of PM2.5 concentration will cause related diseases, especially the death rate of cardiovascular diseases.
【作者单位】：广州市疾病预防控制中心;广东省疾病预防控制中心广东省公共卫生研究院;
【基金】：广东省医学科研基金(A2013535,B2013077)
【分类号】：R122

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