长期低浓度苯接触对某大型石化企业作业工人职业健康的影响

发布时间：2018-10-15 20:48

【摘要】：目的:通过对某大型石油化工企业苯接触作业工人职业健康检查结果的统计分析,了解长期低浓度苯接触对作业工人健康状况的影响,进一步探讨长期低浓度苯接触对作业工人健康损害的早期敏感指标,为加强对苯接触作业工人的健康监护和改善现有防护措施提供理论依据。方法:对某大型石油化工企业苯生产装置和苯分析实验室进行现场职业卫生学调查,监测其作业场所空气中苯浓度;选取307名长期低浓度苯接触的作业工人作为接触组,选择同企业不接触苯的314名作业工人作为对照组,对其进行职业健康检查,结合现场检测和职业健康检查结果,比较和分析长期低浓度苯接触对作业工人白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板计数、血红蛋白含量、肝功能、B超、心电图及胸片等检查结果的影响。结果:苯接触组作业工人所在岗位作业场所空气中的苯浓度均低于国家职业接触限值;接触组作业工人血象中白细胞计数和中性粒细胞减少的发生率均高于对照组(P0.01),差异有统计学意义;白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板计数减少的发生率在性别方面比较,差异无统计学意义;接触组作业工人的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数、血红蛋白减少的发生率随工龄的增加有上升趋势,其中白细胞计数的降低趋势明显(趋势χ2=4.105,P0.05),存在时间-效应关系。接触组不同岗位作业工人的血象、肝功能、心电图、腹部B超、胸片等指标异常率间相比,差异无统计学意义;接触组与对照组的肝功能、心电图、腹部B超、胸片等各项指标的异常率间相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);苯浓度、性别、接触苯的工龄均为白细胞计数减少的危险因素,其中接苯工龄是影响白细胞计数减少的主要因素。结论:长期低浓度苯接触对作业工人血常规中的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数有一定的影响,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数是监测苯对人体早期职业健康损害作用的敏感指标;企业应进一步加强对低浓度苯作业工人的健康监护并对防护设施持续改进。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of benzene exposure on occupational health status of workers exposed to benzene in a large petrochemical enterprise. In order to provide theoretical basis for strengthening health monitoring of workers exposed to benzene and improving existing protective measures, the early sensitive indexes of health damage to workers exposed to benzene for a long time were discussed. Methods: the benzene production plant and benzene analysis laboratory of a large petrochemical enterprise were investigated in the field of occupational hygiene to monitor the benzene concentration in the air of the workplace, 307 workers exposed to benzene for a long time were selected as the exposure group. 314 workers who were not exposed to benzene in the same enterprise were selected as the control group, and their occupational health examination was carried out. Combined with the results of field and occupational health examination, the white blood cell count of workers exposed to benzene for a long time was compared and analyzed. The effect of neutrophil count, erythrocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin content, liver function, B ultrasound, electrocardiogram and chest radiography. Results: the concentration of benzene in the air of the workers in the benzene exposure group was lower than the national occupational exposure limit. The incidence of leukocyte count and neutropenia in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group (P0.01), the difference was statistically significant, the white blood cell count, neutrophil count, erythrocyte count, The incidence of thrombocytopenia was not significantly different between men and women. The white blood cell count, neutrophil count, platelet count in exposed workers, The incidence of hemoglobin decrease increased with the increase of working time, and the white blood cell count decreased obviously (蠂 2 + 4. 105% P 0.05), and there was a time-effect relationship. There was no significant difference in abnormal rate of blood, liver function, electrocardiogram, abdominal B-ultrasound and chest radiography between the exposed workers in different positions, and the liver function, electrocardiogram, abdominal B-ultrasound in the contact group and the control group. There was no significant difference between the abnormal rates of chest radiographs (P0.05); benzene concentration, sex, exposure to benzene were the risk factors of leukocyte count reduction, among which benzene exposure was the main factor affecting leukocyte count reduction. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to benzene at low concentration has a certain effect on the leukocyte count and neutrophil count in the blood routine of workers. The leukocyte count and neutrophil count are sensitive indicators for monitoring the effect of benzene on the early occupational health injury of workers. Enterprises should further strengthen the health care of workers exposed to low-concentration benzene and continue to improve the protective facilities.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R131

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