2014-2016年江苏省农村环境卫生调查结果分析

发布时间：2018-10-24 21:22

【摘要】：目的为客观评价2014-2016年江苏省农村环境卫生情况的变化。方法按照简单随机抽样的方法从江苏省全部13个省辖市中选取65个乡镇260个村1300个农户。调查生活垃圾、生活污水处理情况、村内工业/养殖业企业情况,集中式供水工程,家庭卫生情况,土壤重金属检测情况。结果 2014-2016年,被调查行政村中,生活垃圾随意堆放比例由6.2%降至1.5%,生活污水随意排放情况依然存在(21.9%,32.7%,20.8%);被调查企业中,污水直接排放的情况依然存在(21.8%,65.0%,35.7%);采用"未消毒"供水方式的村内集中式供水工程比例逐年下降(P0.05);被调查农户家庭中,卫生户厕覆盖率分别为86.5%,76.8%,85.4%,不在田里焚烧秸秆的农户比例分别为95.2%,97.8%,96.1%,家庭农药使用率有一定下降(P0.01);农村土壤镉含量的超标率呈逐年下降趋势(P0.01)。结论 2014-2016年,江苏省农村地区垃圾处理方式发生转变,企业污水排放管理逐渐规范,秸秆焚烧和农膜使用均得到较好的控制,家庭农药使用减少,土壤重金属超标情况得到改善。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the changes of rural environmental hygiene in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2016. Methods according to the simple random sampling method, 1 300 farmers were selected from 260 villages in 65 towns and cities in Jiangsu province. Investigation of domestic waste, domestic sewage treatment, village industrial / aquaculture enterprises, centralized water supply project, household hygiene, soil heavy metal detection. Results between 2014 and 2016, the proportion of domestic garbage dumped at random dropped from 6.2% to 1.5% in the administrative villages surveyed, and the random discharge of domestic sewage remained (21.932. 7% or 20. 8%); in the enterprises surveyed, The situation of direct sewage discharge still existed (21.8%), and the proportion of centralized water supply projects in villages with "unsterilized" water supply decreased year by year (P0.05). The coverage rate of sanitary toilet was 86.5% and 76.85.4m, respectively. The proportion of farmers not burning straw in the field was 95.2%. The household pesticide utilization rate was decreased (P0.01), and the rate of exceeding the standard of cadmium content in rural soil was decreasing year by year (P0.01). Conclusion during 2014-2016, the waste disposal mode in rural areas of Jiangsu Province was changed, the sewage discharge management of enterprises was gradually standardized, the burning of straw and the use of agricultural film were better controlled, and the use of household pesticides was reduced. The situation of heavy metals exceeding the standard was improved.
【作者单位】：江苏省疾病预防控制中心环境疾病(地方病)防制所;
【基金】：国家卫生和计划生育委员会公益性行业科研专项(201302004)
【分类号】：R127

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