危害分析和关键控制点技术在集中空调通风系统卫生监督管理中的应用

发布时间：2018-10-25 09:43

【摘要】：[目的]探讨危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)技术在集中空调通风系统卫生监督管理中的应用。[方法]调查时间为2012年5月—2014年3月。对上海市浦东新区8家(4家宾馆、2家商场、2家办公楼宇)使用集中空调的单位进行卫生监督管理,判定集中空调通风系统卫生管理中的危害因素,确定卫生质量关键控制点、控制标准和控制方法 ;并对HACCP计划实施前后各指标变化进行比较。[结果]运用HACCP技术,分析集中空调通风系统运行管理的各过程和环节,确定显著危害和关键控制点,并建立具针对性的HACCP计划表加以实施;在实施HACCP计划后,8家研究对象的集中空调通风系统风管内表面积尘量检出值范围由0.1~349.4 g/m2降为0.1~16.1 g/m2,积尘中真菌总数检出值范围由0~660 cfu/cm2降为0~58 cfu/cm2,这两项指标的卫生合格率分别由实施前的50.0%、81.6%提升为100.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);集中空调新风口,空调系统[空气处理机组、表冷器、加热(湿)器、冷凝水盘]以及冷却塔等的卫生状况明显改善,实施前、后的卫生合格率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]运用HACCP原理开展集中空调卫生监督管理,可规范管理程序,提升管理能力,有效改善集中空调通风系统卫生质量。
[Abstract]:Objective to discuss the application of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) technology in hygienic supervision and management of central air conditioning and ventilation system. [methods] the investigation was conducted from May 2012 to March 2014. The hygienic supervision and management of 8 units (4 hotels, 2 shopping malls and 2 office buildings) in Pudong New District of Shanghai using central air conditioning system were carried out to determine the hazardous factors in the hygiene management of central air conditioning ventilation system, and to determine the critical control points of hygiene quality. Control standard and control method, and compare each index change before and after HACCP plan. [results] by using HACCP technology, the processes and links of the operation and management of central air conditioning and ventilation system were analyzed, and the significant harm and key control points were determined, and the targeted HACCP schedule was established to implement it. After the implementation of the HACCP plan, the detection range of the total surface area dust in the air ducts of the central air conditioning and ventilation system was reduced from 0.1 ~ 349.4 g/m2 to 0.1 ~ (16. 1) g / m ~ (2), and the total number of fungi detected in the dust accumulation was reduced from 0 ~ 660 cfu/cm2 to 0 ~ (58) cfu/cm2,. The grid rate was raised from 50.0% to 100.00.The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The sanitary condition of air conditioning system [air treatment unit, surface cooler, heating (wet) device, condensate water tray] and cooling tower were improved obviously, and the difference of sanitary qualified rate before and after implementation was statistically significant (P0.05). [conclusion] using the principle of HACCP to carry out the hygienic supervision and management of central air conditioning system can standardize the management procedure, enhance the management ability and effectively improve the hygienic quality of the central air conditioning ventilation system.
【作者单位】：上海市浦东新区卫生局卫生监督所场所卫生监督科;
【基金】：上海市浦东新区卫生局卫生科技发展专项基金资助项目(编号:PW2012A-51)
【分类号】：R126.4

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