宁夏五县农村育龄妇女卫生服务需求与利用的研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 18:10

【摘要】：目的为了解宁夏五县农村育龄妇女的健康状况及卫生服务情况,探讨卫生服务利用的影响因素,为全区进一步全面推进育龄妇女卫生保健工作提出策略性建议。方法本次研究采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对宁夏农村常住育龄妇女进行入户问卷调查,使用多水平模型分析宁夏五县农村育龄妇女卫生服务利用的影响因素。结果1、本次共调查农村育龄妇女7154名,平均年龄(31.23±10.46)岁,其中汉族占44.3%,回族占55.2%,其他民族占0.5%。文化程度以小学及以下为主,占53.1%,婚姻状况以已婚为主,占70.9%,职业以务农为主,占56.8%,农村育龄妇女自评健康状况良好。2、农村育龄妇女的两周患病率为9.8%,慢性病患病率为10.1%。3、不同年龄组、民族间、文化程度、婚姻状况和职业的农村育龄妇女两周患病率和慢性病患病率均存在差异(均为P0.05)。两周患病率和慢性病患病率均随着年龄增加而上升,随文化程度的升高而降低,未婚者最低,务农的育龄妇女高于其他职业,回族高于汉族。4、农村育龄妇女两周患病疾病别构成前五位的是:急性鼻咽炎(普通感冒)、流行性感冒、女性生殖器官疾病、椎间盘疾病和上呼吸道感染;慢性病患病疾病别构成前五位的是:高血压病、女性生殖器官疾病、椎间盘疾病、急慢性胃肠炎和上呼吸道感染。5、农村育龄妇女两周就诊率为4.6%,两周患病就诊率为47.0%。两周患病首次就诊机构主要是县级医院。年住院率为6.9%,住院人次率为8.3%。女性生殖器官疾病排在了住院疾病别构成的首位。6、农村育龄妇女妇科检查率为14.8%,产前检查率为93.1%,产前检查机构主要以县级以上的医院和乡镇卫生院为主。住院分娩率为93.1%,选择在县级医院分娩的人最多,在家分娩的主要原因是急产。7、影响宁夏五县农村育龄妇女卫生服务利用的主要因素有年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、主要职业、自我健康状况评价、到医疗机构的距离和经济状况。结论宁夏五县农村育龄妇女的健康状况相比已得到改善,但由于农村的文化教育程度偏低,农村女性生殖器官疾病已严重威胁了宁夏农村育龄妇女的健康状况,不同人群的卫生需求存在差异,因此农村育龄妇女对卫生服务利用的水平仍需提高。其中年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、主要职业、自我健康状况评价、到医疗机构的距离和经济状况均会不同程度影响其对卫生服务的利用。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the health status and health service of rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia, and to explore the influencing factors of the utilization of health services, and to put forward strategic suggestions for further promoting the health care work of women of childbearing age in the whole district. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the health service utilization of rural women of childbearing age in rural areas of Ningxia. The factors influencing the utilization of health services of rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia were analyzed by using multi-level model. Results 1. 7154 rural women of childbearing age were investigated, with an average age of (31.23 卤10.46) years. The Han nationality accounted for 44.3%, the Hui nationality for 55.2%, and the other nationalities for 0.5 years. The education level was mainly primary school and below (53.1%), marriage status was mainly married (70.9%), occupation was agricultural work (56.8%), and self-rated health status of rural women of childbearing age was good. 2. The two-week prevalence rate of women of childbearing age in rural areas was 9.8 and the prevalence of chronic diseases was 10.1.3. different age groups, ethnic groups, and education levels, There were significant differences in the prevalence of two weeks and chronic diseases among rural women of childbearing age in marriage status and occupation (P0.05). The prevalence rate of two weeks and chronic diseases increased with the increase of age and decreased with the increase of education level. The unmarried women were the lowest, the women of child-bearing age were higher than those of other occupations, and the Hui nationality was higher than the Han nationality. The first five diseases of rural women of childbearing age in two weeks were acute nasopharyngitis (common cold), influenza, female reproductive organ disease, intervertebral disc disease and upper respiratory tract infection; The top five diseases of chronic diseases were hypertension, female genital disease, intervertebral disc disease, acute and chronic gastroenteritis and upper respiratory tract infection. The rate of seeing a doctor in two weeks was 47.0. The first visit to the hospital in two weeks was mainly county-level hospital. The annual hospitalization rate was 6.9 and the hospitalization rate was 8.3. Female genital diseases ranked first among the hospitalized diseases. 6. The gynecological examination rate of rural women of childbearing age was 14.8 and the antenatal examination rate was 93.1. The main antenatal examination institutions were hospitals above county level and township health centers. The rate of in-hospital delivery was 93.1, and the number of people who gave birth in county hospitals was the most, and the main reason of home delivery was the urgent delivery. 7. The main factors affecting the utilization of health services for rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia were age, marital status, and education level. Major occupations, self-assessment of health status, distance to medical institutions and financial status. Conclusion the health status of rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia has been improved, but because of the low level of education in rural areas, the reproductive organ diseases of rural women have seriously threatened the health status of women of childbearing age in rural areas of Ningxia. There are differences in health demand among different population groups, so the utilization of health services for rural women of childbearing age still needs to be improved. Among them, age, marital status, education level, major occupation, self-health status evaluation, distance to medical institution and economic status will affect the utilization of health services to varying degrees.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R173

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