中国八城市成人钙摄入状况研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 14:52

【摘要】：目的通过横断面调查,了解中国八城市成人钙摄入情况、钙的餐次分布和钙的食物来源。方法采用立意抽样和分层随机抽样相结合的多阶段抽样方法,通过问卷调查获得其一般情况,通过24h膳食回顾调查获得其膳食情况。结果有效调查对象1716人,膳食总钙摄入量为351.4(203.6,566.9)mg/d,均值为467.1 mg/d;食物中的钙(不包含膳食补充剂)的摄入量为325.6(191.7,497.5)mg/d,均值为402.7mg/d,不同年龄组和南北方之间钙摄入量存在差异。补充含钙膳食补充剂占总调查人群的10.6%,平均摄入量为367.3(250.0,650.1)mg/d,女性补充率为12.8%,高于男性(P0.001);50岁及以上人群的含钙补充剂补充率为14.2%,高于18~49岁年龄组(P0.001)。调查对象整体钙摄入量低于EAR的比例为85.2%,高于RNI的为8.5%。就食物来源,本研究膳食钙主要来源于蔬菜和奶类食品,分别占25.5%和22.8%;豆类、肉类和谷类对膳食钙的贡献率均超过10%。早餐钙的摄入量较少,中位数为63.5 mg/d;午餐和晚餐的钙摄入相近,中位数分别为73.3、72.0 mg/d;三餐钙的摄入量差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论城市成年人膳食钙摄入不足的发生率仍旧较高,含钙补充剂在成年人群中使用率低;应该合理安排餐次,调整饮食结构,增加富含钙食物摄入以提高钙的摄入水平。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the calcium intake of adults, the distribution of calcium meals and the sources of calcium in eight cities of China. Methods the method of multi-stage sampling was used to obtain the general situation by questionnaire survey and the dietary situation was obtained by 24 hours dietary review survey by using the method of multi-stage sampling combined with the idea sampling and stratified random sampling. Results the total dietary calcium intake of 1716 subjects was 351.4 (203.6566.9) mg/d, mean was 467.1 mg/d;. Dietary calcium intake (excluding dietary supplements) was 325.6 (191.7497.5) and the average mg/d, was 402.7 mg / d. There were differences in calcium intake between different age groups and between the north and the south. Dietary supplement containing calcium accounted for 10.6% of the total surveyed population. The average intake of calcium dietary supplement was 367.3 (250.0650.1) female supplement rate of mg/d, was 12.8, higher than that of male (P0.001). The supplementation rate of calcium supplements in the population aged 50 years and above was 14.2%, which was higher than that in the 1849 age group (P0.001). The proportion of total calcium intake lower than EAR was 85.2, higher than that of RNI was 8.5. The main sources of dietary calcium in this study were vegetables and dairy foods, accounting for 25.5% and 22.8%, respectively, and the contribution rate of beans, meat and cereals to dietary calcium was more than 10%. The calcium intake of breakfast was less, the median was 63.5 mg/d;, the calcium intake of lunch and dinner was similar, the median was 73.3 mg/d; and 72.0 mg/d;, respectively. There was significant difference in the intake of calcium between the three meals (P0.05). Conclusion the incidence of dietary calcium deficiency in urban adults is still high, and the utilization rate of calcium supplements in adults is low, and it is necessary to arrange meals reasonably, adjust diet structure and increase calcium rich food intake in order to increase calcium intake level.
【作者单位】：北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系;北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系;内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司创新中心;内蒙古乳业技术研究院有限责任公司;
【分类号】：R151.42

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