应用美国EPA吸入风险评估模型评估3家医药化工企业职业健康风险

发布时间：2018-11-19 10:30

【摘要】：[目的]应用美国EPA吸入风险评估模型对3家化工制药企业进行职业病危害风险评估,评价该模型在职业病危害风险评估应用的适用性。[方法]选择化工制药企业为研究对象,应用该模型对重点岗位进行风险评估。计算非致癌效应风险值和致癌风险值,判定化学物所致职业健康风险水平。[结果]2家化工企业危害因素的非癌症危害商数(HQ值)为0.23~18.49,其中干渣装车岗位吸入硫化氢和磷化氢的HQ1,发生相应的非癌症健康风险的概率较低;其他岗位吸入危害因素的HQ1,发生相应的非癌症健康风险的概率较高。制药企业中存在盐酸的解析岗位和酸碱配置岗位鼻黏膜喉支气管增生的HQ分别为5.274和9.041,存在较高的非癌症健康风险。化工企业吸入四氯乙烯的癌症风险值(Risk值)为5.33×10~(-7),该岗位发生癌症的健康风险较低,吸入三氯甲烷的Risk值为1.02×10~(-3),该岗位发生癌症的健康风险较高。无法得到相应岗位工人吸入粉尘、二氧化硫、氟化氢、丙酮、氢氧化钠和接触噪声的职业健康风险结果。[结论]美国EPA吸入风险评估模型在化工制药企业职业健康风险评估中有一定的应用价值和局限性,评估结果可以为企业的职业健康风险管理为提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:[objective] to evaluate the applicability of EPA inhalation risk assessment model to the risk assessment of occupational disease hazards in three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises. [methods] the model was used to evaluate the risk of key positions in chemical pharmaceutical enterprises. The non-carcinogenic effect risk value and carcinogenic risk value were calculated to determine the occupational health risk level caused by chemicals. [results] the non-cancer hazard quotient (HQ) of the hazard factors in two chemical enterprises was 0.23 ~ 18.49, among which the probability of non-cancer health risk was lower when HQ1, was inhaled by dry slag loading station. The risk of non-cancer health risk was higher in HQ1, of other post inhaled hazard factors. The HQ of laryngeal and bronchial hyperplasia of nasal mucosa in pharmaceutical enterprises were 5.274 and 9.041, respectively, which indicated that there was a high risk of non-cancer health. The cancer risk value (Risk) of perchloroethylene inhalation was 5.33 脳 10 ~ (-7), the health risk of cancer in this post was lower, the Risk value of inhaled trichloromethane was 1.02 脳 10 ~ (-3), the health risk of cancer in this post was higher. Occupational health risk results for inhalation of dust, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, acetone, sodium hydroxide and exposure to noise are not available. [conclusion] American EPA inhalation risk assessment model has certain application value and limitation in the occupational health risk assessment of chemical pharmaceutical enterprises. The evaluation results can provide scientific basis for occupational health risk management of enterprises.
【作者单位】：金华市疾病预防控制中心环境与职业卫生科;浙江省疾病预防控制中心环境与职业卫生所;
【基金】：美国EPA吸入风险评估模型在职业危害风险评估的技术应用研究(编号:2013KYA042)
【分类号】：R13

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