太原市学龄前儿童健康与幼儿园环境的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 04:53

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国工业化社会的快速推进及城市化人口的不断集中,人们在生产过程和生活中排放的污染物的种类和数量日益增多,由此带来的大气污染问题日益严重。大气污染带来的健康问题也成为大家关注的焦点问题。幼儿园对儿童是一个重要的室内环境,并且有证据表明学校建筑的室内空气质量和通风可能会影响他们的健康。因此,研究幼儿园室内外大气污染特征及与儿童健康的相关性,对于相关部门制定相应的污染防治措施、提高室内空气质量及学生身体健康有着重要的理论和现实意义。本论文首先采用整群抽样的方法,对太原市10所幼儿园的儿童(共4500名儿童)进行问卷调查,并测定其中507名儿童(245名女生和262名男生)的呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)指标,同时检测FeNO测定儿童所在班级的室内外主要环境物污染指标。全面结合环境污染因素与学生健康状况,呼吸疾病相关检测指标,定量分析环境暴露-健康效应关系。FeNO和呼吸道症状以及环境数据的相关性使用线性混合模型进行分析。真菌DNA和健康症状之间的相关性使用logistic回归进行分析,FeNO和真菌DNA之间的相关性使用线性回归模型进行分析。结果表明:(1)室内CO_2平均浓度为827 ppm,SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5和甲醛的平均浓度分别为40.5、43.0、267.9和22.8 mg/m3。室外SO_2、NO_2、O3、PM2.5和甲醛的平均浓度分别为106.6、40.9、22.4、244和4.1 mg/m3。SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5和甲醛室内/室外比率分别为0.38、1.05、1.10和5.56,由此可知,室外SO_2是室内SO_2的主要贡献源。室内温度较高时,相对湿度较低,而室内甲醛水平较高。室内相对湿度较高时,室内CO_2和PM2.5水平较高。室内NO_2和SO_2紧密相关,甲醛和PM2.5显著性负相关;(2)FeNO的几何平均数为9.1±1.5 ppb。总共有报告喘息、干咳、鼻炎和肺炎的儿童比例分别为11.6%、6.0%、26.4%和29.2%。FeNO与喘息(OR值1.10,95%CI为1.00~1.22)和肺炎(OR值1.09,95%CI为1.00~1.19)正相关。FeNO与教室内(OR值1.72,95%CI为1.35~2.19)及幼儿园室外(OR值1.48,95%CI为1.13~1.95)PM2.5都为正相关;(3)FeNO与落尘中总真菌DNA(P=0.030)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.026)、杂色曲霉DNA(P=0.012)和链霉菌DNA(P=0.018)负相关。曾经喘息和落尘中总真菌DNA(P=0.037)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.041)、杂色曲霉DNA(P=0.028)负相关。过去12个月喘息和落尘中杂色曲霉DNA负相关(P=0.041)。持续六个月湿疹和培养皿灰尘中总真菌DNA(P=0.002)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.005)、杂色曲霉DNA(P=0.046)以及链霉菌DNA(P=0.002)负相关。过去12个月湿疹和青霉菌DNA成负相关(P=0.016)。曾经湿疹与总真菌DNA(P=0.008)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.018)以及链霉菌DNA(P=0.013)呈负相关。本研究结果表明,太原市幼儿园环境中可吸入颗粒物PM2.5浓度较高,并且与学龄前儿童FeNO及喘息和肺炎呈正相关。这表明PM2.5可能会引起学龄前儿童呼吸道炎症。同时提示真菌DNA对喘息和湿疹起保护作用,这与“卫生学假说”理论相一致,此结果还有待进一步论证。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's industrialized society and the continuous concentration of urbanized population, the kinds and quantities of pollutants emitted by people in production process and daily life are increasing day by day, and the air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. The health problems caused by air pollution have also become the focus of attention. Kindergartens are an important indoor environment for children, and there is evidence that indoor air quality and ventilation in school buildings may affect their health. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the characteristics of indoor and outdoor air pollution in kindergartens and its correlation with children's health. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for relevant departments to formulate corresponding pollution prevention measures and to improve indoor air quality and students' physical health. In this paper, 4500 children in 10 kindergartens in Taiyuan were investigated by cluster sampling, and the (FeNO) index of exhaled nitric oxide (no) was measured in 507 children (245 girls and 262 boys). At the same time, FeNO was detected to measure the indoor and outdoor main environmental pollution index of the children's class. The relationship between FeNO and respiratory symptoms and environmental data was analyzed by linear mixed model. The relationship between environmental pollution factors and students' health status, respiratory diseases and the relationship between environmental exposure and health effects was analyzed by quantitative analysis. The correlation between environmental pollution factors and respiratory symptoms and environmental data was analyzed by linear mixed model. The correlation between fungal DNA and health symptoms was analyzed by logistic regression, and the correlation between FeNO and fungal DNA was analyzed by linear regression model. The results show that: (1) the average concentration of CO_2 in indoor is 827 ppm,SO_2,NO_2,PM2.5 and the average concentration of formaldehyde is 40.5 mg/m3. 43.0267.9 and 22.8 mg/m3., respectively. The average indoor and outdoor concentrations of SO_2,NO_2,O3,PM2.5 and formaldehyde were 106.6 and 40.9 mg/m3.SO_2,NO_2,PM2.5 and 4.1 mg/m3.SO_2,NO_2,PM2.5, respectively, and the indoor / outdoor ratios of formaldehyde were 0.381.051.10 and 5.56, respectively. Therefore, outdoor SO_2 is the main contribution source of indoor SO_2. When the indoor temperature is high, the relative humidity is lower and the indoor formaldehyde level is higher. When indoor relative humidity was high, the levels of CO_2 and PM2.5 were higher. (2) the geometric average of FeNO was 9.1 卤1.5 ppb.. In total, the proportion of children who reported wheezing, dry cough, rhinitis and pneumonia was 11.660 or 6.0, respectively. 26.4% and 29.2%.FeNO were positively correlated with wheezing (OR 1.1095 CI 1.001.22) and pneumonia (OR 1.0995 CI 1.001.19). FeNO was positively correlated with classroom (OR 1.72 卤95CI 1.35 卤2.19). ) and outdoor (OR = 1.4895 CI = 1.131.95) PM2.5 were positively correlated; (3) FeNO was negatively correlated with total fungi DNA (P0. 030), penicillium DNA (P0. 026), Aspergillus heterochroma DNA (P0. 012) and Streptomyces DNA (P0. 018). The total fungus DNA (P0. 037), Penicillium DNA (P0. 041) and Aspergillus heterochroma DNA (P0. 028) were negatively correlated. There was a negative correlation between wheezing and DNA of Aspergillus heterochroma in the past 12 months (P0. 041). The total fungi DNA (P0. 002), Penicillium DNA (P0. 005), Aspergillus heterochroma DNA (P0. 046) and Streptomyces DNA (P0. 002) were negatively correlated with eczema and petri dish dust for 6 months. There was a negative correlation between eczema and penicillium DNA in the past 12 months (P0. 016). There was a negative correlation between eczema and total fungi DNA (P0. 008), penicillium DNA (P0. 018) and Streptomyces DNA (P0. 013). The results showed that the concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5) in kindergartens in Taiyuan City were higher and positively correlated with FeNO, wheezing and pneumonia in preschool children. This suggests that PM2.5 may cause respiratory inflammation in preschool children. It is also suggested that fungal DNA plays a protective role against wheezing and eczema, which is consistent with the theory of "Hygiene hypothesis", and this result needs to be further demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R179

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