运动生理指标和自主神经活动风险预警研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 01:55

【摘要】：本文对运动中的心率、运动恢复期心率和长期有氧运动前提下的静息态心率进行了分析,用假设检验和机器学习方法找出了运动对心脏自主神经活动的影响,以及运动对其他身体健康指标的影响。具体分为以下三个方面:第一,分析了不同运动强度下,心率的变化趋势和复杂性。心率能够反映心脏动力控制系统的活动,常用于健康监测、运动强度评估和生理唤起度衡量。本文对心率均值、局部Hurst指数变化范围和相对波动系数进行加权融合,提出了反映生理唤起度的新指标。心率均值是一种传统指标,它能够反映心脏自主神经的活动趋势,但是不能反映交感神经与副交感神经在运动过程中的复杂竞争关系。静息态交感神经与副交感神经活动处于动态平衡;运动强度越大交感神经活动越强,副交感神经活动受到抑制。局部Hurst指数变化范围与相对波动系数能够反映心跳的涨落信息,它们阐述心跳在多尺度内的变化以及长程相关性。因而,它们作为新的心率指标,在文中用于揭示心脏自主神经活动的竞争关系。第二,分析了长期有氧运动前提下,静息态心率和其他身体健康指标的变化趋势。实验结果表明,通过3个月的慢跑运动,被试在睡眠质量、精神状态、精神压力等方面自我感觉更健康。通过对血压的统计分析发现,运动能够使得血压趋于更好的状态,即,运动可以使血压偏高的被试血压降低,也使血压过低的被试血压升高。在被试体重、身体质量指数以及体脂率指标上,统计结果表明有氧运动具有减脂的效果。因此,长期有氧运动对身体健康有促进作用。对被试3个月静息态心率分析发现,有氧运动初期(第一月),静息态心率变慢;有氧运动中后期(第二,三月),静息态心率呈上升趋势。1/26的被试长期有氧运动后在静息态心跳中出现频发早搏。第三,分析了运动恢复期心率,发现运动恢复期内6/28的被试自主神经活动恢复缓慢,5/28的被试运动恢复期RR间期出现频发早搏,这表明长期有氧运动也存在着自主神经活动异常的风险。运动后第1分钟内的快速恢复期,副交感神经活动开始变强,争取自主神经活动的控制权,导致心率减缓;运动后1-6分钟,副交感神经活动与交感神经活动之间还未达到动态平衡;运动结束6分钟后,交感神经与副交感神经重新达到动态平衡。本文构建了运动恢复期自主神经恢复缓慢ECG数据集和正常恢复ECG数据集,对RR间期提取219个特征,结合后向选择算法与KNN、NB、SVM分类器,建立了运动风险预警系统。有氧运动对自主神经活动的负面影响,用NB分类器得到了68.49%的真阴性率和82.33%的真阳性率,用KNN分类器得到了72.66%的真阴性率和82.65%的真阳性率,用SVM分类器得到了92.09%的真阴性率与82.65%的真阳性率。本文的研究为运动恢复期自主神经活动异常状态预警提供了技术支撑。
[Abstract]:The heart rate in exercise, heart rate in recovery period and resting state heart rate under the premise of long-term aerobic exercise were analyzed. The effects of exercise on cardiac autonomic nerve activity were found by hypothesis test and machine learning method. And the effect of exercise on other health indicators. It is divided into the following three aspects: first, the change trend and complexity of heart rate under different exercise intensity are analyzed. Heart rate, which can reflect the activities of cardiac dynamic control system, is often used in health monitoring, exercise intensity evaluation and physiological arousal measurement. In this paper, the mean of heart rate, the range of local Hurst exponent and the relative fluctuation coefficient are weighted and fused, and a new index reflecting physiological arousal degree is proposed. Heart rate mean is a traditional index, it can reflect the cardiac autonomic nerve activity trend, but can not reflect the complex competition between sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve in the process of movement. The activity of resting sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve is in dynamic balance, and the stronger the intensity of motion is, the stronger the activity of parasympathetic nerve is. The variation range and relative fluctuation coefficient of local Hurst index can reflect the fluctuation information of heartbeat. They describe the variation of heartbeat in multi-scale and the long-term correlation. Therefore, as a new heart rate indicator, they are used to reveal the competitive relationship of cardiac autonomic nerve activity. Secondly, the changes of resting heart rate and other health indexes were analyzed under the premise of long-term aerobic exercise. The results showed that after 3 months of jogging, the subjects felt healthier in terms of sleep quality, mental state and mental stress. Through the statistical analysis of blood pressure, it is found that exercise can make the blood pressure tend to be better, that is, exercise can reduce the blood pressure of the subjects with high blood pressure, but also make the blood pressure of the subjects with too low blood pressure increase. In terms of body weight, body mass index and body fat rate, the statistical results showed that aerobic exercise had the effect of reducing fat. Therefore, long-term aerobic exercise to promote physical health. At the beginning of aerobic exercise (the first month), the resting state heart rate of the subjects slowed down after 3 months of resting state heart rate analysis. In the middle and late stage of aerobic exercise (second, March), resting heart rate showed an increasing trend. 1 / 26 of the subjects had frequent premature beats in resting heartbeat after long-term aerobic exercise. Thirdly, the heart rate during exercise recovery period was analyzed. It was found that during the exercise recovery period, the autonomic nervous activity of 6 / 28 of the subjects recovered slowly, and 5 / 28 percent of the subjects had frequent premature beats in the RR interval during the exercise recovery period. This suggests that long-term aerobic exercise also has a risk of abnormal autonomic activity. In the rapid recovery period of 1 minute after exercise, parasympathetic nerve activity began to become stronger, striving for the control of autonomic nerve activity, resulting in heart rate slowing down; The dynamic balance between parasympathetic nerve activity and sympathetic nerve activity was not reached at 1-6 minutes after exercise, and the dynamic balance between parasympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve was restored after 6 minutes of exercise. In this paper, the ECG data set of autonomic nerve recovery and the ECG data set of normal recovery were constructed, and 219 features of RR interval were extracted, combined with backward selection algorithm and KNN,NB,SVM classifier, the early warning system of motion risk was established. The negative effects of aerobic exercise on autonomic nervous activity were analyzed. The true negative rate and true positive rate were 68.49% and 82.33% by NB classifier, 72.66% and 82.65% by KNN classifier, respectively. The true negative rate of 92.09% and the true positive rate of 82.65% were obtained by using SVM classifier. The research in this paper provides technical support for early warning of abnormal state of autonomic nervous activity in recovery period.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151

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