维生素A与脑发育的研究进展

发布时间：2018-12-17 21:41

【摘要】：维生索A（vitaminA,VA）是人体最重要的微量营养素之一，在维持上皮细胞完整性，调节视觉、免疫、生殖功能和胚胎生长发育方面发挥着重要作用。维生素A缺乏(vitamin A deficiency,VAD）已成为公共卫生问题，小孩及孕妇为易感人群。母孕期及生后早期VAD可造成子代生长发育障碍，引发各种先天畸形。在脑发育方面，VAD可导致胚胎后脑缺失、脊索背腹轴（D-V轴）轴向异常，胎儿脑积水、无脑等畸形，可损伤学习、记忆及认知等功能。近年来研究表明，VA及其活性代谢产物视黄酸（retinoic acid,RA）与脑形态、功能发育密切相关，在控制神经分化、神经管调控模式，，维持突触可塑性等方面有着重要作用。这种作用是通过复杂的信号通路，调控靶基因表达而实现的。基础实验表明维生素A干预（vitaminAintervention,VAI）可以改善VAD所致脑损害。本文就维生素A及其活性代谢产物在脑发育中的作用、相关机制及干预方面的研究进展作一综述。
[Abstract]:Vitamin A (vitaminA,VA) is one of the most important micronutrients in human body, which plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of epithelial cells, regulating vision, immunity, reproductive function and embryonic growth and development. Vitamin A deficiency (vitamin A deficiency,VAD) has become a public health problem, with children and pregnant women at risk. Maternal pregnancy and early postnatal VAD can cause offspring growth and development disorders, leading to a variety of congenital malformations. In the aspect of brain development, VAD can lead to the loss of post-embryonic brain, the axial abnormality of the dorsal ventral axis of notochord (D-V axis), fetal hydrocephalus and anencephaly, which can impair the functions of learning, memory and cognition. In recent years studies have shown that VA and its active metabolite retinoic acid (retinoic acid,RA) are closely related to brain morphology and functional development and play an important role in controlling neural differentiation neural tube regulation mode and maintaining synaptic plasticity. This effect is achieved through complex signaling pathways that regulate target gene expression. Basic experiments have shown that vitamin A intervention (vitaminAintervention,VAI) can improve brain damage induced by VAD. In this review, the role of vitamin A and its active metabolites in brain development, the related mechanisms and the intervention are reviewed.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R151

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