马克思主义哲学视域下的堕胎问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-24 13:35

【摘要】：虽然堕胎问题在一些西方国家如美国被提升到“关系到国家兴衰”的高度，但目前国内外的堕胎研究主要从医学技术，伦理，法律，政治或社会心理层面展开，鲜少有从哲学层面进行的。本文试图填补这一空白，从历史唯物主义的立场出发，运用唯物辩证法对当代堕胎问题上的诸如“支持堕胎”与“反对堕胎”之争，“选择权”与“生命权”之争，，以及“胎儿是否是人”等重大争论问题进行辩证分析。特别揭示在堕胎问题上占主导地位的“生命权利说”和“选择权利说”在方法论上的局限，从而超越“生命权”与“选择权”的二元对立。运用唯物史观，文章揭露了建立在西方个人主义之上的形形色色“个人权利观”的虚妄。因为个体不是孤岛，人是社会关系的总和。堕胎观念的产生与转变也不例外。唯物史观告诉我们，生产方式、生活方式，人口因素、人口政策以及科学技术发展和变化都对堕胎观念的形成产生着重大的影响。运用辩证法对“支持堕胎”与“反对堕胎”之争，“选择”与“生命权”之争，以及“胎儿是否是人”等重大争论问题的辩证分析表明，虽然表面上“选择权”与“生命权”是截然对立的，但在实质上都是现代个人主义的产物。都是现代非此即彼二元对立思维的产物，都是将权利与义务进行了割裂。而“生命权”的拥护者的错误在于把“生命权”绝对化了，犯了“误置具体的谬误”，忽视了生产方式、社会文化的影响以及具体的情境，如怀孕者的感受等。在具体实施过程中少了人文关怀，理论性强，可实施性差。思维方法上陷入了形而上学的误区。在澄清当代西方堕胎观上的一系列理论混乱，指出当代西方堕胎观的思维误区的基础上，从具体问题具体分析的唯物辩证法原则出发，结合中国现实，整合中国优秀的厚生传统和西方女性主义的权利意识，文章提出了具有中国特色的马克思主义的厚道堕胎观。这是一种立足中国现实，以辩证法为指导的吸纳中国优秀厚生传统的堕胎观，它既兼顾权利与义务，又兼顾女性、婴儿和社会共同体的福祉。这样一种厚道堕胎观无疑有助于帮助全社会特别是青少年认识到盲目堕胎的危害，起到保护青少年的目的，从而实现马克思主义对人的生命的深度关切，体现社会主义制度以人为本的目的。
[Abstract]:Although the issue of abortion has been raised to a higher level in some Western countries such as the United States, the current research on abortion at home and abroad is mainly carried out from the medical, ethical, legal, political or socio-psychological levels. Rarely from the philosophical level. This paper tries to fill this gap, from the standpoint of historical materialism, applying materialist dialectics to the contemporary abortion issues, such as "support abortion" and "oppose abortion", "right of choice" and "right to life". And whether the fetus is a human, and other major issues of dialectical analysis. In particular, it reveals the methodological limitations of the "right to life" and "right of choice", which dominate abortion, thus transcending the dualistic opposition between "right to life" and "right of choice". By means of historical materialism, the article reveals the falsehood of individual right view based on western individualism. Because the individual is not an island, man is the sum of social relations. The emergence and transformation of the concept of abortion is no exception. Historical materialism tells us that the mode of production, lifestyle, demographic factors, population policy, and the development and change of science and technology all have a great impact on the formation of the concept of abortion. The dialectical analysis of the arguments between "supporting abortion" and "opposing abortion", between "choice" and "right to life" and "whether the fetus is a human being" shows that, Although the right to choose and the right to life are opposite on the surface, they are in essence the product of modern individualism. They are the product of the modern opposites of one or the other and separate rights and obligations. The wrong of the advocates of "right to life" lies in the absoluteness of "right to life", the mistake of "misplacing concrete fallacy" and neglecting the mode of production, the influence of social culture and the concrete situation, such as the feelings of the pregnant person and so on. In the specific implementation process of the lack of humanistic care, strong theoretical, poor implementability. The method of thinking has fallen into the misunderstanding of metaphysics. On the basis of clarifying a series of theoretical confusion on the contemporary western view of abortion, pointing out the misunderstandings of the contemporary western view of abortion, and proceeding from the materialist dialectic principle of concrete analysis of specific problems, combining with the reality of China, By integrating the excellent tradition of good living in China and the right consciousness of western feminism, this paper puts forward the Marxist concept of generous abortion with Chinese characteristics. This is a kind of abortion view which is based on Chinese reality and guided by dialectics. It takes into account the rights and obligations as well as the welfare of women infants and social communities. Such a benevolent view of abortion will undoubtedly help the whole society, especially young people, to realize the harm of blind abortion and serve the purpose of protecting young people, thus realizing the deep concern of Marxism for human life. Embodies the socialist system people-oriented purpose.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R169.42;B0-0

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