营口市某社区居民营养状况的调查研究

发布时间：2018-12-26 17:06

【摘要】：目的:通过对居民进行一般状况、膳食营养及营养知识知信行问卷调查,了解营口地区居民营养健康状况及知信行水平,为有关部门制订与营养相关疾病的预防及治疗等干预措施提供科学依据,为建立社区人群营养及健康档案提供基础资料。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取辽宁省营口市某街道社区18岁以上750名居民为调查对象,由经过统一培训的调查员向调查对象提问并填写问卷,并进行相关体格检查。采用Epi Data软件进行调查问卷数据库的建立与录用,运用SPSS23.0软件进行相关统计运算及分析。结果:(1)根据被调查人群的营养状况评价得出结论,人群正常体重率为47.7%,超重和肥胖率为47.0%,消瘦的居民占5.3%。各年龄组超重和肥胖率随年龄增长具有上升趋势,以50-69岁组超重肥胖率最高,70岁以上年龄组次之。(2)营养素摄入与食物的来源有其地域特点。三大产能营养素中蛋白质的主要食物来源为鱼类、豆类蛋白、小麦、畜肉等;与脂肪的主要食物来源为植物油、畜肉、坚果等;碳水化的主要食物来源为大米、水果、小麦等;人体能量摄入主要食物来源为植物油、畜肉、鱼和干果等。膳食营养素调查结果与《中国居民膳食指南2016》比较,虽然总能量摄入不高,但蛋白质和脂肪的摄入超过标准能量比例,而碳水化合物相对较低。体重超重和肥胖人群总能量及蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入均高于正常组人群。(3)根据调查人群有关营养知识“知、信、行”的结果分析得知,调查对象中有67.5%的人对中国居民膳食宝塔和膳食指南的相关内容不了解,健康营养知识缺乏。体重超重和肥胖人群更愿意选择“匹萨、汉堡、膨化食品”等高热量的食品和零食,他们更倾向于散步、太极等轻体力运动;该人群的休闲活动是以看电视、阅读书籍、报刊等静坐类形式为主。显示被调查者中体重超重肥胖有不良的饮食爱好和少运动或不运动的习惯。结论:被调查人群总体超重和肥胖率为47.0%,各年龄组超重肥胖率随年龄增长具有上升趋势。该地居民膳食营养状况良好,三大产能营养素比例基本适宜,以鱼类和豆类为主要蛋白质来源。优质蛋白摄入较高,植物油摄入偏高,碳水化合物摄入水平相对偏低。被调查者的营养知识有欠缺或不足,大多数对人群营养态度正确,饮食行为比较合理,饮食态度基本正确。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the nutritional health status and the level of knowledge and practice of nutrition in Yingkou area by questionnaire survey on general status, dietary nutrition and knowledge of nutrition. To provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate intervention measures such as prevention and treatment of nutrition-related diseases and to provide basic data for establishing nutrition and health records of community population. Methods: using stratified cluster random sampling method, 750 residents over 18 years old in a street community in Yingkou City, Liaoning Province were randomly selected. And carries on the related physical examination. Epi Data software is used to build and employ questionnaire database, and SPSS23.0 software is used to carry out statistical calculation and analysis. Results: (1) according to the nutritional status evaluation of the investigated population, the normal body weight rate was 47.7%, the overweight and obesity rate was 47.0%, and the wasting residents accounted for 5.3%. The rate of overweight and obesity increased with the increase of age. The overweight and obesity rate of 50-69 years old group was the highest, followed by the age group over 70 years old. (2) the source of nutrient intake and food had its regional characteristics. The main food sources of protein in the three productive nutrients are fish, bean protein, wheat and animal meat, the main food sources with fat are vegetable oil, animal meat, nuts, etc. The main food sources of carbohydration are rice, fruit, wheat and so on. The main sources of energy intake are vegetable oil, animal meat, fish and dried fruit. The results of dietary nutrition survey were compared with the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents (2016). Although the total energy intake was not high, the intake of protein and fat exceeded the standard energy ratio, while the carbohydrates were relatively low. The total energy and protein, fat and carbohydrate intake of overweight and obese people were higher than those of normal group. (3) according to the results of nutritional knowledge, 67.5% of the respondents did not know the contents of the Dietary Pagoda and Dietary Guide of Chinese residents, and lack of knowledge of health and nutrition. Overweight and obese people prefer high-calorie foods and snacks such as "pizza, hamburger, puffed food" and are more likely to take a walk or light physical exercise such as Tai Chi. The leisure activities of this group are mainly in the form of watching TV, reading books, newspapers and periodicals. The results showed that overweight and obese subjects had poor dietary preferences and less exercise or inactivity habits. Conclusion: the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 47.0, and the rate of overweight and obesity increased with the increase of age. The dietary nutritional status of the residents was good and the ratio of the three main productive nutrients was basically suitable. Fish and beans were the main sources of protein. High quality protein intake, higher vegetable oil intake and lower carbohydrate intake. The nutrition knowledge of the respondents is deficient or insufficient, most of them have correct nutrition attitude towards the crowd, eating behavior is reasonable, and eating attitude is basically correct.
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151.42

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