高速铁路机车乘务员的工作环境及健康状况的研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 17:36

【摘要】：目的：通过对武广高铁现有高速铁路的司机室的工作环境和广州机务段全体高速铁路机车乘务员的身体健康状况、心理健康状况进行调查,分析高速铁路列车机车室的工作环境是否符合国家相关职业卫生标准,了解高速铁路机车乘务员的身体健康状况和心理健康状况,从而为改善高速铁路机车乘务员劳动条件、提出科学合理的预防措施和保证行车安全提供参考资料。方法：随机抽取10辆武广高速铁路广州南至长沙南段的CRH2和CRH3型高速铁路机车司机室的环境进行监测,主要监测指标有微小气候、噪声、电磁辐射、工频电磁场、甲苯、苯系物、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、可吸入颗粒物浓度和菌落总数。对广州机务段全体高速铁路机车乘务员170名男性为调查对象,同时采用分层抽样的方法选取284名男性普通铁路机车乘务人员为对照组,对其身体健康状况进行分析；同时采用填写调查问卷的方法对其心理健康状况、工作能力和疲劳状况进行调查,使用的调查问卷为症状自评量表(SCL-90)、工作能力指数表(work ability index, WAI)、疲劳评定量表(fatigue assessment instrument,FAD。使用SPSS13.0对数据进行分析,使用的统计方法有t检验、方差分析、卡方检验、相关分析和多元线性回归等。结果： (1)对高速铁路机车司机室的环境进行检测,检测结果显示微小气候、噪声、电磁辐射、工频电磁场、甲苯、苯系物、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、可吸入颗粒物浓度和菌落总数的检测结果均符合国家相关标准。 (2)对高速铁路机车乘务员和普通铁路机车乘务员的身体健康状况进行分析,排在前3位的是心电图异常、脂肪肝和尿酸偏高；高速铁路机车乘务员和普通铁路机车乘务员的BMI之间差异无统计学意义。 (3)高速铁路机车乘务员的SCL-90的总分和各因子得分均高于普通铁路机车乘务员,并且随着高铁工龄的增加高速铁路机车乘务员SCL-90各因子得分和各因子阳性率均呈增加趋势,采用多元线性回归分析年龄、婚姻状况、家庭月收入、月平均运动次数、兴趣爱好、机车驾驶工龄、高铁驾驶工龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒等因素对SCL-90得分的影响,最后进入回归方程的有高铁工龄、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、文化程度和年龄；高速铁路机车乘务员工作能力优、良、中所占的比例均低于普通铁路机车乘务员,高速铁路机车乘务员的主观工作能力评价、与工作需求相关的工作能力、现患病情况、疾病对工作的影响和心理健康状态因子的得分均低于普通铁路机车乘务员,而且高速铁路机车乘务员的WAI总分也明显低于普通铁路机车乘务员的WAI总分,机车驾驶工龄、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、文化程度和年龄对高速铁路机车乘务员的WAI得分有影响；对高速铁路机车乘务员和普通铁路机车乘务员的FAI个因子得分进行分析,高速铁路机车乘务员和普通铁路机车乘务员的S、SS和PC因子的得分差异有统计学意义,且高速铁路机车乘务员各因子得分均高于普通铁路机车乘务员,不同高铁工龄的高速铁路机车乘务员的FAI各因子得分不同,且随着高铁工龄的增加的各因子得分也增加。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the mental health status of the working environment of the driver's cab of the existing high-speed railway and the physical health status and mental health status of all the high-speed railway locomotive crew in Guangzhou. the invention analyzes whether the working environment of the locomotive cab of the high-speed railway meets the national relevant occupational health standards, and is aware of the physical health status and the mental health status of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway, so as to improve the working condition of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive, The scientific and reasonable preventive measures and the reference for ensuring the safety of the driving are put forward. Methods: The environment of CRH2 and CRH3 high-speed railway locomotive driver's room was monitored randomly from the south of Guangzhou to Changsha. The main monitoring indexes were micro-climate, noise, electromagnetic radiation, power frequency electromagnetic field, toluene, benzene system, carbon monoxide and dioxides. Carbon, inhalable particulate matter concentration and total colony In this paper, 170 men of all high-speed railway locomotive crew of Guangzhou Locomotive Depot were investigated, and 284 male general railway locomotive crew were selected as control group by stratified sampling method, and their physical health status was divided. The mental health status, work ability and fatigue condition of the questionnaire were investigated. The questionnaire used was SCL-90, work ability index (WAI) and fatigue assessment scale (FA). D. The data was analyzed using the SPSS13.0. The statistical methods used were t-test, variance analysis, card-side test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression and the like. Results: (1) The environment of the driver's cab of the high-speed railway locomotive is detected. The results show that the micro-climate, noise, electromagnetic radiation, power frequency electromagnetic field, toluene, benzene system and carbon monoxide The results of the detection of carbon dioxide, inhalable particulate matter concentration and the total number of colonies are in compliance with the State home-related standard. (2) The physical health status of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew is analyzed, and the top 3 position is an abnormal electrocardiogram, the fatty liver and the uric acid are high, and the BMI between the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew is poor (3) The total score of SCL-90 and the score of each factor of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive are higher than that of the general railway locomotive crew. The effect of the factors such as age, marital status, family-month income, monthly average number of sports, interest, locomotive driving service, high-speed rail driving service, cultural degree, smoking and alcohol consumption on the score of SCL-90 was analyzed by the element-linear regression. The proportion of smoking, drinking, culture and age is lower than that of the train crew of the ordinary railway, the evaluation of the subjective working ability of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the work related to the job demand. the total score of the WAI of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive is also obviously lower than that of the general railway locomotive crew, and the locomotive driving service period is also obviously lower than that of the general railway locomotive crew, The influence of smoking, alcohol consumption, cultural degree and age on the WAI score of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive is affected, and the FAI factor scores of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew are analyzed, and the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew are normal. the scores of S, SS and PC factors of the train crew of the railway locomotive are of statistical significance, and the scores of each factor of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive are higher than that of the common railway locomotive crew and the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive with different service levels The scores of each factor of AI are different, and with the increase of the service age of the high-speed rail
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R128.1

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