鄱阳湖流域农村饮用水水环境特征及其污染机理研究
发布时间：2019-01-10 17:50
【摘要】：随着鄱阳湖环湖区农村城镇化和工业化的不断推进,鄱阳湖区域水环境的污染问题日益显现,农村居民饮用水(地表水及浅层地下水)的安全问题引起了越来越多的关注。同时,近几年来洪涝、干旱等自然灾害频繁发生,造成点、面源污染物的扩散、迁移,尤其是洪涝灾害会对饮用水水质产生突发性的影响,使得灾后发生疫情的风险剧增。因此,监测环鄱阳湖农村地区地下水受污染程度,深入研究点、面源污染机理以及评价其对人体健康的危害迫在眉睫。 本文基于野外调查、收集和分析当地的水文地质资料基础上,对地下水进行取样分析,研究了环鄱阳湖区13个县(市)的地下水中污染因子的浓度。研究表明,环鄱阳湖区农村所有的饮用水采样点中,水质较好,毒物因子的变异系数由大到小的顺序是PbCrNH4-NCuZnCdNO3-N, Pb、Cr变异系数相对最大,分别为1.87、1.82。分析工业、农业和养殖业对环鄱阳湖区农村地下饮用水的影响大小：农业污染、化工污染、贝类养殖、农村生活用水、大闸蟹养殖、垃圾堆放、渔业养殖、家禽养殖、人畜粪便等对地下水硝酸盐氮都有不同程度的影响,但贡献大小有待进一步研究。 应用健康风险评价模型研究环湖区地下水对人体健康的影响,对地下水中毒物因子通过饮水途径进入人体产生的危害进行风险评价。结果表明：环鄱阳湖区Cd、Cr致癌的个人平均年风险分别为6.02×10-7/a、7.84×10-6/a,均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐致癌风险阈值范国5×10-5～10-4/a,表明致癌风险较低；Zn年平均风险远大于其他非致癌物,为主要风险因子。而各类毒物个人健康年总风险均以基因毒物质为主,超过个人健康年总风险的98%。 通过对抚州唱凯堤决堤后造成的洪灾受灾区域地下水和地表水的水质分析和评价,分析得出淹没区域尾部地区地下水和地表水污染较其他地区严重,部分地区污染很严重。洪涝灾害造成地下饮用水的污染来自于三个方面：一是携带其他地区的大量污染物质滞留在淹没区域造成水质污染；二是将淹没区域的分散的污染物质聚集在一起使得水质污染急剧加重；三是大量的洪水造成短时间的地表和土壤中污染物质渗透作用。在环鄱阳湖区洪涝灾害越来越严重的情况下,区域的洪灾必然会的放大人为因素的作用,间接造成地区的地下饮用水的突发性重大污染,因引起较大的重视。
[Abstract]:With the development of rural urbanization and industrialization in Poyang Lake region, the pollution of water environment in Poyang Lake region is becoming more and more serious. The safety of drinking water (surface water and shallow groundwater) for rural residents has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, flood, drought and other natural disasters occur frequently in recent years, resulting in the spread and migration of point and non-point source pollutants, especially the flood disaster will have a sudden impact on the drinking water quality, making the risk of epidemic situation after the disaster increased dramatically. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor the degree of groundwater pollution in rural areas around Poyang Lake, to study the point of study, to evaluate the mechanism of non-point pollution and to evaluate its harm to human health. Based on the field investigation and the local hydrogeological data, the concentration of groundwater pollution factors in 13 counties (cities) around Poyang Lake region was studied in this paper. The results showed that the quality of drinking water was better in all the drinking water sampling sites in Poyang Lake area. The order of variation coefficient of poison factor from large to small was that PbCrNH4-NCuZnCdNO3-N, Pb,Cr coefficient of variation was the largest, 1.87% and 1.82 respectively. This paper analyzes the influence of industry, agriculture and aquaculture on rural underground drinking water in Poyang Lake area: agricultural pollution, chemical pollution, shellfish farming, rural water consumption, hairy crab breeding, garbage dump, fishery, poultry, etc. Human and animal feces have different effects on nitrate nitrogen in groundwater, but the contribution needs further study. The health risk assessment model was used to study the influence of groundwater on human health in the surrounding lake area. The results showed that the average annual risk of Cd,Cr carcinogenesis in Poyang Lake region was 6.02 脳 10 ~ (-7) / a and 7.84 脳 10 ~ (-6) / a, respectively, which was lower than that recommended by (ICRP) of the International Commission on radiation Protection (ICRP), which was 5 脳 10 ~ (-5) ~ (-4) / a, respectively. The risk of carcinogenesis is low; The average annual risk of Zn is much higher than that of other non-carcinogens and is the main risk factor. The total annual risk of individual health of all kinds of poisons is mainly genetic poison, which is more than 98% of the total annual risk of individual health. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the groundwater and surface water quality in the flood affected area after the causeway burst in Fuzhou, it is concluded that the groundwater and surface water pollution in the tail region of the submerged area is more serious than that in other areas, and the pollution in some areas is very serious. The pollution of underground drinking water caused by flood and waterlogging comes from three aspects: first, a large number of pollutants in other areas are left behind in the submerged area, resulting in water pollution; The second is the concentration of dispersed pollutants in submerged areas, which makes the water pollution increase sharply; the third is the infiltration of contaminated substances in the surface and soil caused by a large number of floods for a short period of time. In the case of more and more serious flood disasters in Poyang Lake region, the flooding in the region will inevitably magnify the effect of human factors and indirectly cause sudden and serious pollution of underground drinking water in the region, which has caused great attention.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X131.2;R123.1
[Abstract]:With the development of rural urbanization and industrialization in Poyang Lake region, the pollution of water environment in Poyang Lake region is becoming more and more serious. The safety of drinking water (surface water and shallow groundwater) for rural residents has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, flood, drought and other natural disasters occur frequently in recent years, resulting in the spread and migration of point and non-point source pollutants, especially the flood disaster will have a sudden impact on the drinking water quality, making the risk of epidemic situation after the disaster increased dramatically. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor the degree of groundwater pollution in rural areas around Poyang Lake, to study the point of study, to evaluate the mechanism of non-point pollution and to evaluate its harm to human health. Based on the field investigation and the local hydrogeological data, the concentration of groundwater pollution factors in 13 counties (cities) around Poyang Lake region was studied in this paper. The results showed that the quality of drinking water was better in all the drinking water sampling sites in Poyang Lake area. The order of variation coefficient of poison factor from large to small was that PbCrNH4-NCuZnCdNO3-N, Pb,Cr coefficient of variation was the largest, 1.87% and 1.82 respectively. This paper analyzes the influence of industry, agriculture and aquaculture on rural underground drinking water in Poyang Lake area: agricultural pollution, chemical pollution, shellfish farming, rural water consumption, hairy crab breeding, garbage dump, fishery, poultry, etc. Human and animal feces have different effects on nitrate nitrogen in groundwater, but the contribution needs further study. The health risk assessment model was used to study the influence of groundwater on human health in the surrounding lake area. The results showed that the average annual risk of Cd,Cr carcinogenesis in Poyang Lake region was 6.02 脳 10 ~ (-7) / a and 7.84 脳 10 ~ (-6) / a, respectively, which was lower than that recommended by (ICRP) of the International Commission on radiation Protection (ICRP), which was 5 脳 10 ~ (-5) ~ (-4) / a, respectively. The risk of carcinogenesis is low; The average annual risk of Zn is much higher than that of other non-carcinogens and is the main risk factor. The total annual risk of individual health of all kinds of poisons is mainly genetic poison, which is more than 98% of the total annual risk of individual health. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the groundwater and surface water quality in the flood affected area after the causeway burst in Fuzhou, it is concluded that the groundwater and surface water pollution in the tail region of the submerged area is more serious than that in other areas, and the pollution in some areas is very serious. The pollution of underground drinking water caused by flood and waterlogging comes from three aspects: first, a large number of pollutants in other areas are left behind in the submerged area, resulting in water pollution; The second is the concentration of dispersed pollutants in submerged areas, which makes the water pollution increase sharply; the third is the infiltration of contaminated substances in the surface and soil caused by a large number of floods for a short period of time. In the case of more and more serious flood disasters in Poyang Lake region, the flooding in the region will inevitably magnify the effect of human factors and indirectly cause sudden and serious pollution of underground drinking water in the region, which has caused great attention.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X131.2;R123.1
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