煤矿企业噪声职业危害综合评估及分级管理研究

发布时间：2019-01-12 12:57

【摘要】：随着煤矿工业机械化程度的不断提高,伴随而来的噪声职业危害也越来越严重。噪声已经成为煤矿最主要的职业病危害因素之一,而我国煤矿企业的噪声职业危害预防控制工作开展仍存在许多不足,亟需职业卫生监管部门加大监管力度。但由于客观原因造成现有的职业卫生监督人员配置相对较少,难以有效地发挥其监管作用。开展煤矿企业噪声职业危害综合评估和分级管理的研究,对提高职业卫生监管效率,缓解这一矛盾,以及煤矿企业自我认知噪声职业危害程度和把握噪声形成职业危害的关键环节都有着重要意义。本文主要采用文献研究方法,定性与定量结合、以定量为主的方法,专家打分法,以及案例分析法,阐述了风险评估方法在职业卫生领域的应用和职业危害分级管理的研究现状。基于系统工程理论分析了噪声职业危害的成因,通过系统分析总结国内外研究成果,引入层次分析法,构建了包含6个一级指标和30个二级指标在内的噪声职业危害抵消效果评估指标体系,并依据专家打分结果确定了指标权重。在此基础上,形成了煤矿企业噪声职业危害的综合评估方法,对煤矿企业噪声职业危害进行分级,并制定了各级相应的监管办法。本文以山西大同某煤矿企业为例,结合企业实际情况,应用构建出的煤矿企业噪声职业危害综合评估方法进行打分和评估,将分级结果和监管建议与其职业病危害现状评价报告中评价结论进行比对,发现结论相似,进一步验证了构建的噪声职业危害综合评估和分级管理方法的合理性和可行性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing mechanization of coal mine industry, the occupational hazards of noise are becoming more and more serious. Noise has become one of the most important occupational hazard factors in coal mines. However, there are still many deficiencies in the prevention and control of occupational noise hazards in coal mining enterprises in China. However, due to the objective reasons, the existing occupational health supervisors are relatively few, so it is difficult to effectively play its supervisory role. In order to improve the efficiency of occupational health supervision and alleviate this contradiction, the research on comprehensive evaluation and hierarchical management of noise occupational hazards in coal mine enterprises is carried out to improve the efficiency of occupational health supervision and to alleviate this contradiction. It is also of great significance to understand the degree of occupational harm caused by noise in coal mining enterprises and to grasp the key link of the formation of occupational hazards by noise. This paper mainly adopts the literature research method, the qualitative and quantitative combination, the quantitative method, the expert scoring method, and the case analysis method. The application of risk assessment method in occupational health and the research status of occupational hazard classification management are described. Based on the system engineering theory, the causes of occupational noise hazards are analyzed, and the research results at home and abroad are summarized through systematic analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced. The evaluation index system of noise occupational hazard cancellation effect including 6 first class indexes and 30 second grade indexes is constructed and the index weight is determined according to the result of expert scoring. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation method of noise occupational hazards in coal mining enterprises is formed, and the occupational noise hazards of coal mining enterprises are classified, and corresponding supervision measures at all levels are worked out. In this paper, a coal mine enterprise in Datong, Shanxi Province, is taken as an example. Combined with the actual situation of the enterprise, the comprehensive assessment method of noise occupational hazards in coal mining enterprises is applied to score and evaluate. The classification results and supervision suggestions were compared with the evaluation conclusions in the evaluation report of occupational hazard status, and the conclusion was similar, which further verified the rationality and feasibility of the comprehensive assessment and classification management method of noise occupational hazards.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R135.8

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