淮河流域某地区人体特征污染物内暴露监测与人体遗传损伤效应监测

发布时间：2019-01-20 08:35

【摘要】：目的：淮河流域部分地区癌症高发，原因不明，复杂多变的外暴露环境导致病因探索举步维艰，根据已有研究筛选出的当地特征污染物，开展内暴露监测与效应指标监测以掌握主要特征污染物在人群中的内暴露水平，可以为评价特征污染物对当地居民造成的健康风险提供科学依据，为当地环境污染治理指明方向。方法：采取对比研究的方法，在监测试点地区境内选择1个对照区和4个监测区，采集当地常住居民晨尿样品，分别对尿样中的重金属、1-羟基芘、亚硝胺、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷的含量进行监测分析，其中，重金属检测采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法，1-羟基芘检测采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法，亚硝胺检测采用气相色谱-质谱法，8-羟基脱氧鸟苷检测采用高效液相色谱-电化学法。结果：八种监测重金属在尿样中均有检出，4个监测区居民尿中铬和铅的含量均明显低于对照区，2个监测区尿中铍显著高于对照区；1-羟基芘在监测区与对照区间无明显差异，但其检测浓度明显高于我国普通居民水平；八种挥发性亚硝胺在尿样中均有检出，4个监测区尿中总亚硝胺水平均显著高于对照区；1个监测区尿样中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷明显低于对照区，其余无显著性差异，且5个监测地区检出的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷水平明显高于我国普通居民；尿样中重金属铬、铅浓度与当地居民消化道癌症死亡率呈负相关关系，硒与人体遗传损伤效应指标存在显著负相关关系；尿总亚硝胺含量与当地居民总癌症死亡率以及消化道癌症死亡率显著正相关。结论：尿样中高1-羟基芘浓度说明当地居民多环芳烃暴露水平较高，存在健康风险；尿总亚硝胺含量与当地居民癌症死亡率显著正相关，提示监测地区癌症高发可能与亚硝胺类物质有关；尿样高8-羟基脱氧鸟苷水平说明监测地区人群所受遗传损伤强度较高，存在潜在健康威胁，元素Se对此可能具有保护作用。
[Abstract]:Objective: there is a high incidence of cancer in some areas of the Huaihe River Basin. Developing internal exposure monitoring and effect index monitoring to grasp the internal exposure level of main characteristic pollutants in the population can provide scientific basis for evaluating the health risks caused by characteristic pollutants to local residents. For the local environmental pollution control direction. Methods: one control area and four monitoring areas were selected in the monitoring pilot area. Morning urine samples of local residents were collected. The heavy metals, 1-hydroxy pyrene, nitrosamine in urine samples were determined respectively. The content of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was monitored and analyzed. Among them, heavy metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 1-hydroxypyrene by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nitrosamines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical method. Results: eight kinds of heavy metals were detected in urine samples. The contents of Cr and Pb in urine of residents in four monitoring areas were significantly lower than those in control areas, and beryllium in urine in two monitoring areas were significantly higher than those in control areas. There was no significant difference between the monitoring area and the control group, but the detected concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene was significantly higher than that of the ordinary residents in China. Eight kinds of volatile nitrosamines were detected in urine samples, and the levels of total nitrosamines in urine in the four monitoring areas were significantly higher than those in the control areas. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in urine samples in one monitoring area was significantly lower than that in the control area, and the level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the five monitoring areas was significantly higher than that in the ordinary residents of China. The concentrations of Cr and Pb in urine were negatively correlated with the mortality rate of digestive tract cancer in local residents, and there was a significant negative correlation between selenium and the genetic damage effect index of human body. The total nitrosamine content in urine was positively correlated with total cancer mortality and gastrointestinal cancer mortality. Conclusion: the high concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine indicates that the exposure level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in local residents is high and there is a health risk. The total nitrosamine content in urine was positively correlated with the cancer mortality in the local population, suggesting that the high incidence of cancer in the monitoring area might be related to nitrosamines. The high level of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in urine indicated that the genetic damage was higher and there was a potential health threat in the population in the monitoring area, and the element Se might have a protective effect on it.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R114

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