新疆伊宁市部分售奶站生鲜乳中微生物污染和主要理化指标的调查与分析
发布时间：2019-03-06 10:46
【摘要】：散装生鲜乳消费在我国目前的畜产品质量安全监管体系下是一个特有的领域,但是,在欧美发达国家和其他许多国家不存在散装生鲜乳销售环节。因此,现阶段如何做好散装生鲜乳销售环节的监管具有重要的现实意义和作用,本文以散装生鲜乳销售环节的卫生质量安全检测为主要研究内容开展相关研究。对伊宁市8个售奶站进行调查、取样并采用感官、理化和微生物等多种检测、试验以及数据分析方法,对伊宁市生鲜乳的品质和微生物污染情况做出分析和评估。本研究生鲜乳的感官检测包括色泽、滋味、气味、口感、组织状态的常规项目检查;理化性质检测包括蛋白质和脂肪含量的测定(参照GB5009.4-2010和GB5413.3-2010方法测定)和体细胞数测定(采用牛奶体细胞自动测定仪测定);主要微生物的测定包括菌落总数、大肠菌群数、芽孢菌数和耐热芽孢菌数的含量测定(参照GB/T4789.2-2010和GB/T4789.3-2010方法测定)。实验结果显示:2014年6月到2015年5月期间伊宁市8个售奶站的生鲜乳在感官方面色泽、滋味、气味均正常,且不存在凝块、沉淀、肉眼可见异物现象;主要理化指标中蛋白质和脂肪含量分别处于2.98g/100 g~3.8 g/100 g之间和3.12 g/100 g~4.1 g/100 g之间,体细胞数处于40万/ml~92万/ml之间,且在不同季节随着气温的升高售奶站奶样中蛋白质和脂肪含量均有所减少,而体细胞数明显增加,甚至有50%的奶站奶样中体细胞含量数超过国家规定限量标准50万个/ml;主要微生物含量指标菌落总数、大肠菌群数、芽孢菌数和耐热芽孢菌数的含量分别为:3.08×105~8.48×105 cfu/ml、1.5×104~8.1×104 mpn/100 ml、21~75 cfu/ml和3~8 cfu/ml,均符合国家标准。但散奶户所销售的生鲜乳中检查出微生物的含量要明显高于售奶站的鲜乳。研究结果表明,伊宁市8个奶站出售的生鲜乳从感官上均不存在异常;在不同季节随着气温的升高售奶站奶样中蛋白质和脂肪含量均有所减少,蛋白质减少最多达0.82 g/100 g、脂肪减少最多达0.98 g/100 g,而体细胞数明显增加,甚至超标达到92万/ml,提示奶农应注意加强环境温度的控制,从一定程度上也反映出伊宁市奶牛乳房疾病(以隐性乳房炎为主)发病情况较严重,应加以重视。主要微生物含量各项指标整体均符合国家标准,反映出伊宁市生鲜乳卫生管控整体水平较高。
[Abstract]:Bulk fresh milk consumption is a special field under the current quality and safety supervision system of animal products in our country, but there is no sales link of bulk fresh milk in the developed countries of Europe and the United States and many other countries. Therefore, how to do a good job in the supervision of bulk raw milk sales at this stage has an important practical significance and role. In this paper, the hygiene quality and safety detection of bulk raw milk sales link as the main research content to carry out related research. The quality and microbial contamination of fresh milk in Yining city were analyzed and evaluated by means of sensory, physicochemical and microbiological detection, test and data analysis in 8 milk sales stations in Yining city. The sensory examination of fresh milk includes color, taste, smell, taste and tissue condition. The physical and chemical properties included the determination of protein and fat content (reference to GB5009.4-2010 and GB5413.3-2010 methods) and the determination of somatic cell number (determined by automatic milk somatic cell analyzer). The determination of main microorganisms included total colony, coliform group, spores and heat-resistant spores (as measured by GB/T4789.2-2010 and GB/T4789.3-2010). The results showed that the sensory color, taste and smell of fresh milk from 8 milk sales stations in Yining from June 2014 to May 2015 were normal, and there were no clots, precipitates and foreign bodies visible to the naked eyes. The contents of protein and fat in the main physicochemical indexes were between 3.8g and 3.12g / ml~ 920000 g / ml, respectively, and the somatic cells were in the range of 400000 / ml~ 920000 / ml. And in different seasons, the content of protein and fat in milk samples decreased with the increase of temperature, while the number of somatic cells increased obviously. Even 50% of milk samples in milk stations exceeded the national limit of 500000 / ml;. The total number of colonies, coliform group, spores and heat-resistant spores were 3.08 脳 105 ~ 8.48 脳 10 ~ 5 cfu/ml, 1.5 脳 10 ~ 4 ~ 8.1 脳 10 ~ 4 mpn/100 ml,21~75 cfu/ml and 3 ~ 8 cfu/ml, respectively. But the content of microorganism in fresh milk sold by bulk milk households was significantly higher than that of milk sales stations. The results showed that there were no sensory abnormalities in fresh milk sold at 8 milk stations in Yining. In different seasons, with the increase of temperature, the content of protein and fat in milk samples decreased, protein decreased up to 0.82g / 100g, fat decreased up to 0.98g / 100g, and the number of somatic cells increased obviously. Even exceeding the standard of 920000 / ml, suggested that dairy farmers should pay attention to strengthening the control of environmental temperature, and to some extent also reflected that the incidence of dairy cow breast diseases (mainly occult mastitis) in Yining was serious and should be paid attention to. The main microorganism content indexes all accord with the national standard, which reflects the high level of hygienic control of fresh milk in Yining.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R155.5
本文编号：2435458
[Abstract]:Bulk fresh milk consumption is a special field under the current quality and safety supervision system of animal products in our country, but there is no sales link of bulk fresh milk in the developed countries of Europe and the United States and many other countries. Therefore, how to do a good job in the supervision of bulk raw milk sales at this stage has an important practical significance and role. In this paper, the hygiene quality and safety detection of bulk raw milk sales link as the main research content to carry out related research. The quality and microbial contamination of fresh milk in Yining city were analyzed and evaluated by means of sensory, physicochemical and microbiological detection, test and data analysis in 8 milk sales stations in Yining city. The sensory examination of fresh milk includes color, taste, smell, taste and tissue condition. The physical and chemical properties included the determination of protein and fat content (reference to GB5009.4-2010 and GB5413.3-2010 methods) and the determination of somatic cell number (determined by automatic milk somatic cell analyzer). The determination of main microorganisms included total colony, coliform group, spores and heat-resistant spores (as measured by GB/T4789.2-2010 and GB/T4789.3-2010). The results showed that the sensory color, taste and smell of fresh milk from 8 milk sales stations in Yining from June 2014 to May 2015 were normal, and there were no clots, precipitates and foreign bodies visible to the naked eyes. The contents of protein and fat in the main physicochemical indexes were between 3.8g and 3.12g / ml~ 920000 g / ml, respectively, and the somatic cells were in the range of 400000 / ml~ 920000 / ml. And in different seasons, the content of protein and fat in milk samples decreased with the increase of temperature, while the number of somatic cells increased obviously. Even 50% of milk samples in milk stations exceeded the national limit of 500000 / ml;. The total number of colonies, coliform group, spores and heat-resistant spores were 3.08 脳 105 ~ 8.48 脳 10 ~ 5 cfu/ml, 1.5 脳 10 ~ 4 ~ 8.1 脳 10 ~ 4 mpn/100 ml,21~75 cfu/ml and 3 ~ 8 cfu/ml, respectively. But the content of microorganism in fresh milk sold by bulk milk households was significantly higher than that of milk sales stations. The results showed that there were no sensory abnormalities in fresh milk sold at 8 milk stations in Yining. In different seasons, with the increase of temperature, the content of protein and fat in milk samples decreased, protein decreased up to 0.82g / 100g, fat decreased up to 0.98g / 100g, and the number of somatic cells increased obviously. Even exceeding the standard of 920000 / ml, suggested that dairy farmers should pay attention to strengthening the control of environmental temperature, and to some extent also reflected that the incidence of dairy cow breast diseases (mainly occult mastitis) in Yining was serious and should be paid attention to. The main microorganism content indexes all accord with the national standard, which reflects the high level of hygienic control of fresh milk in Yining.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R155.5
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