乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区居民膳食营养状况调查及血糖、血红蛋白调查分析

发布时间：2019-03-06 10:08

【摘要】：目的：通过调查沙区居民的膳食营养状况,了解居民基本的膳食结构,生活方式,基本患病情况,调查居民血液中血糖、血红蛋白指标状况,查找出与全国的居民基本营养膳食构成的差别,膳食摄入的偏差,生活方式的不同,强化膳食营养的意义,为指导我市居民健康膳食方式,膳食营养均衡,改善生活质量提供依据。方法：采用多种问卷组合的五日回顾询问调查入户调查,组织居民集中进行一般医学体格检查,对采集的血液样品进行血红蛋白、血糖的检测。结果：通过调查获得了我市沙区1271名,居民人均每日摄入量,主食类：汉族400.23g、少数民族410g,蔬菜类：汉族437g、少数民族300g,肉类类：汉族147.9g、少数民族241g,蛋类：汉族7.5g、少数民族3.78g,奶类：汉族100.9g、少数民族120.9g,零食类：汉族238g、少数民族229g,营养素：汉族4.5g、少数民族11g。经医学体检得到,居民人均身高(cm)：汉族172、少数民族1744,腰围人均(cm)：汉族89.2、93,体重人均(kg)：汉族78、少数民族82,血压nmHg):汉族103/60、少数民族109/75。实验室检查得到,血糖(mmol/L):汉族5.39、少数民族4.54,血红蛋白(g/1)：汉族155.85、少数民族151.33；将不同性别间及不同民族的血糖均值,进行t检验得到,血糖在不同性别、不同民族间P0.05,均无统计学意义,糖耐量经t检验,P0.05,有统计学意义；对不同民族间的血红蛋白均值进行t检验,P0.05,有统计学意义。结论：调查发现我区居民膳食结构属发展中国家模式即植物性蛋白为主模式,基本解决温饱问题。通过调查结果的分析,我市沙区居民在诸多膳食类别上,与全国居民膳食平均摄入量相比较少,例如优质蛋白、蔬菜、蛋类、奶类、营养素等；通过了解我区地理、民族文化背景、气候、经济收入、文化知识水平等因素对于居民饮食的影响,发现汉族与少数民族饮食差异较大,少数民族在肉类、奶类的摄入量上大于汉族,并且也超过了全国居民人均摄入量。由此发现,汉族与少数民族在腰围、体重、高血压的患病、糖尿病的患病情况也有明显差异。这其中,青少年和40岁龄组的超重、40岁龄组的糖尿病患病趋势是值得我们关注的。在此,加大宣传及科普健康饮食知识,大力提倡《中国居民膳食指南》,逐步调整各民族不良膳食结构,增加植物性蛋白、维生素、矿物质、果蔬的摄入。人为干预油、盐的摄入量(免费发放油壶和盐勺),都成为日后我们。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the dietary and nutritional status of residents in sandy areas, understand the basic dietary structure, lifestyle, basic prevalence of residents, and investigate the status of blood glucose and hemoglobin in residents. Find out the difference between the basic nutritional diet composition of residents, the deviation of dietary intake, the difference of life style, and the significance of strengthening dietary nutrition, in order to guide the healthy dietary pattern of residents in our city, and to balance the dietary nutrition. Improve the quality of life to provide the basis. Methods: a five-day retrospective investigation was conducted with multiple questionnaires. The residents were organized to carry out a general medical physical examination and the blood samples collected were examined for hemoglobin and blood sugar. Results: through the investigation, we obtained 1271 residents' daily intake, the main food category: Han nationality 400.23g, ethnic minorities 410g, vegetables: Han 437g, ethnic minorities 300g, meat: Han 147.9g, ethnic minorities 241g, Eggs: Han 7.5g, minority 3.78g, milk: Han 100.9g, minority 120.9g, snack: 238g, minority 229g, nutrient: 4.5g, minority 11g. After medical examination, it was found that the average height of the residents was 172 (cm):, the minority 1744, the waist circumference 89.2,93, the weight per capita (kg): 78, the minority 82, and the blood pressure 103 脳 60, the blood pressure of the nmHg): Han was 103. 60. Ethnic minorities 109 to 75. Blood glucose (mmol/L) was 5.39 in Han nationality, 4.54 in ethnic minorities, 155.85 in Han nationality and 151.33 in minority nationalities. T-test showed that there was no significant difference in blood glucose between different sexes and different nationalities, but the glucose tolerance was statistically significant by t-test, P-0.05, and there was no significant difference in glucose tolerance between different genders and ethnic groups by t-test, P-0.05, P-0. 05, P-0.05. The mean value of hemoglobin among different nationalities was tested by t-test, P 0.05, which had statistical significance. Conclusion: the dietary pattern of residents in our district belongs to the pattern of developing countries, I. E., plant protein, which basically solves the problem of food and clothing. Through the analysis of the results of the investigation, the residents of sand district in our city have less dietary intake than the average dietary intake of the whole country, such as high quality protein, vegetables, eggs, milk, nutrients and so on. Through understanding the influence of geography, ethnic cultural background, climate, economic income and cultural knowledge level on the diet of residents, it is found that there is a great difference between Han nationality and ethnic minorities in diet, and that ethnic minorities are in meat. Milk intake is larger than Han nationality, and also exceeds the national per capita intake. It was found that there were significant differences in waist circumference, weight, hypertension and diabetes between Han and minority nationalities. Among them, adolescent and 40-year-old group overweight, 40-year-old group diabetes prevalence trend is worthy of our attention. In this paper, we should increase publicity and popular knowledge of healthy diet, strongly advocate the "Dietary Guide for Chinese residents", gradually adjust the bad dietary structure of all ethnic groups, and increase the intake of vegetable protein, vitamins, minerals, fruits and vegetables. Man-made intervention in oil, salt intake (free distribution of kettle and salt spoon), all become us in the future.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R151.45

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