2013-2015年天津市哨点企业职业卫生现状调查和分析

发布时间：2019-03-11 17:33

【摘要】：目的抽取哨点企业进行职业卫生调查,了解天津市职业卫生现状,提出职业卫生管理对策。方法 2013-2015年每年采取分层抽样的方法抽取100家企业为研究对象,对其职业病危害因素监测和职业卫生管理情况进行调查。结果 2013-2015年抽取的哨点企业中接触危害的员工有101 685人,占总人数的73.25%。哨点企业主要存在职业病危害因素包括噪声、矽尘、电焊烟尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、锰及其化合物、硫化氢。矽尘的超标率最高(在32.89~40.39%之间),其次是电焊烟尘(在13.38%~18.18%之间)。不同年份各危害因素的超标率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大型企业职业卫生管理落实率最高(在64.26%~95.24%之间),其次是中型企业(41.42%~85.21%),小型企业最差(在18.00%~59.55%)。大、中、小型企业中各项职业卫生制度的落实率差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论矽尘、噪声、高温、电焊烟尘、甲苯、二甲苯是应加强监控的重点职业病危害因素,矽尘超标最为严重。小型企业职业卫生制度落实情况较差。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the status of occupational health in Tianjin, and to put forward the countermeasures of occupational health management. Methods A total of 100 enterprises were selected to study the occupational hazard factors and occupational health management in 2013-2015. Results From 2013 to 2015, there were 101,685 workers exposed to the hazard in the sentinel enterprises, accounting for 73.25% of the total number. The main occupational hazard factors in the sentinel enterprise include noise, dust, electric welding smoke, benzene, toluene, xylene, manganese and its compound and hydrogen sulfide. The superstandard rate of the dust is the highest (between 32.89 ~ 40.39%), followed by electric welding smoke (between 13.38% ~ 18.18%). There was a significant difference in the over-standard rate of various hazard factors in different years (P0.05). The highest level of occupational health management in large-scale enterprises (between 64.26% and 95.24%), followed by medium-sized enterprises (41.42% ~ 85.21%) and the worst case of small enterprises (18.00% ~ 59.55%). The difference of all occupational health systems in the large, medium and small enterprises is of statistical significance (P0.05). Conclusion Dust, noise, high temperature, electric welding smoke, toluene and xylene are the key occupational hazard factors that should be strengthened and monitored. The implementation of the small business occupational health system is poor.
【作者单位】：天津市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所;
【分类号】：R13

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