苏州市主要水体、饮用水及餐饮用具壬基酚污染状况调查及其去除方法研究

发布时间：2019-03-18 17:59

【摘要】：目的：壬基酚广泛应用于纺织、印染、洗涤剂生产等行业，是生产清洁剂、个人护理用品、树脂、颜料、农药等的原料，也是燃油、润滑油及聚合物的助剂。国内外壬基酚的使用量逐年增加，壬基酚已渗透进人们生活的方方面面，成为不可忽视的新的环境污染物。研究表明，壬基酚具有一定的雌激素效应，属于环境内分泌干扰物，可影响内分泌系统、生殖系统、免疫系统、神经系统等功能，影响生长发育，促进癌症的发生等。本课题通过建立和完善固相萃取-高效液相-质谱联用的方法，检测了苏州市各类水体中壬基酚浓度，还对自来水、市售矿泉水壬基酚浓度，以及餐饮用具在使用过程中壬基酚的释出量进行了检测，并采用几种常用的水处理方法尝试去除壬基酚，为了解苏州地区壬基酚污染状况，探讨壬基酚的去除方法提供初步资料。方法：本研究分为以下四个部分： 1.采用固相萃取-高效液相-质谱联用技术检测水样中壬基酚含量，对实验条件进行了探讨和优化。 2.检测苏州市各类水体中壬基酚的含量，包括地面水、地下水、自来水厂水源水和末梢水、泉水以及雨水。 3.测定市售常见品牌的桶装水、瓶装水中壬基酚含量以及各类餐饮用具使用过程中壬基酚的释出量。 4.采用多种方法处理含壬基酚的水样，包括目前自来水厂常用的水处理方法，探讨单一水处理方法和联合水处理方法对水中壬基酚的去除效果。结果： 1.当壬基酚浓度为1-500ng/L时，本方法的检测限为5ng/L，加标回收率为69.46-89.28%，日内精密度在3.13%~4.22%之间，日间精密度在5.22%~5.30%之间。 2.苏州市各类水体中都能检出壬基酚，浓度在3.76μg/L-208.00μg/L。具体如下：尚湖3.76μg/L，东太湖26.25μg/L，长江常熟段55.40μg/L，京杭大运河苏州段83.90μg/L，阳澄湖208.00μg/L，尚湖3.76μg/L，淀山湖157.00μg/L，澄湖93.50μg/L，井水26.84μg/L，，泉水1.07μg/L，雨水7.09μg/L。 3.苏州市自来水源水中壬基酚浓度为3.76-46.70μg/L，平均值21.71μg/L；自来水末梢水壬基酚浓度为1.35-24.70μg/L，平均值7.28μg/L。 4.苏州地区市售主要品牌瓶装水和桶装水都能检出壬基酚，浓度在0.02~0.34μg/L，各类餐饮用具使用过程中壬基酚的释出量为0,02~18.10μg/L。 5.各类处理方法对水样中壬基酚均具有一定的去除作用，去除率在50.91~93.95%。单一处理法中，煮沸的去除效果最好，为90.64%，其余去除率在50.91~87.23%。联合处理法中，混凝沉淀过滤加氯化消毒处理的效果最好，去除率为93.95%。其余方法的去除率在70.27~91.23%。结论： 1.采用固相萃取-高效液相-质谱联用技术分析水样中壬基酚，其检测限、加标回收率和精密度满足检测需要，符合方法学要求。 2.苏州市各类水体已普遍受到壬基酚污染，部分地面水污染较严重，地下水、泉水、雨水污染程度相对较轻。 3.市售主要品牌瓶装水和桶装水都能检出壬基酚，各类餐饮用具使用过程中也会释出壬基酚。自来水源水和末梢水均能检出壬基酚，末梢水中壬基酚浓度较相应源水明显下降，表明目前的水处理方法可去除大部分壬基酚，但还不能完全去除。 4.多种处理方法对水中壬基酚均具有一定的去除作用，联合处理的效果优于单一处理，应尽可能采用联合处理方法。
[Abstract]:Purpose: Nonylphenol is widely used in the fields of textile, printing and dyeing, and detergent production. It is a raw material for the production of cleaning agents, personal care products, resins, pigments, pesticides and the like, and also is the assistant of the fuel, the lubricating oil and the polymer. The use amount of nonylphenol at home and abroad is increasing year by year, and nonylphenol has penetrated into all aspects of people's life and becomes a new environmental pollution that can't be ignored The research shows that nonylphenol has certain estrogen effect, and belongs to the environment endocrine disrupters. It can affect the functions of endocrine system, reproductive system, immune system, nervous system and so on, and can influence the growth and development of the cancer and promote the occurrence of cancer. In this paper, by establishing and perfecting the method of solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid-phase-mass spectrometry, the concentration of nonylphenol in various water bodies in Suzhou is detected, and the concentration of nonylphenol in tap water, commercial mineral water, and the release of nonylphenol in the process of use are also tested. Several commonly used water treatment methods were used to remove nonylphenol, and to understand the non-nonylphenol pollution in the Suzhou area, the paper discussed the method of removing nonylphenol from nonylphenol. Materials. Methods: The study is divided into the following four: 1. The content of nonylphenol in water samples was detected by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid-phase-mass spectrometry. The experimental conditions were carried out. To explore and optimize the content of nonylphenol in various water bodies in Suzhou, including surface water, ground water, water source water and peripheral water of water works. 3. Determination of the content of nonylphenol in bottled water, bottled water, and the use of all kinds of food and beverage 4. The release amount of nonylphenol in the process.4. Using a variety of methods to treat water samples with nonylphenol, including water treatment methods commonly used in waterworks, to explore a single water treatment method and a combined water treatment method to the water The results were as follows:1. When the concentration of nonylphenol is 1-500 ng/ L, the detection limit of this method is 5 ng/ L, the recovery rate of the spike is 69.46-89.28%, and the intra-day precision is between 3.13% and 4.22%. Between 5.22% and 5.30%, nonylphenol can be detected in all kinds of water in Suzhou, and the concentration is 3. 76. mu. g/ L-208.00. m u.g/ L. Specific examples are as follows: Shanghu 3.76. mu.g/ L, East Taihu Lake 26.25 & mu; g/ L, Changshu section of the Yangtze River 55.40 & mu; g/ L, Suzhou section of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, 83.90 & mu; g/ L, Yangcheng Lake, 208.00 & mu; g/ L, Shanghu 3.76 & mu; g/ L, Dianshan Lake, 157.00 & mu; g/ L, Chenhu 93.50 & mu; g/ L, well water, 26.84 & mu; g/ L, spring water 1. The concentration of nonylphenol in tap water in Suzhou was 3.76-46.70 & mu; g/ L, the average value was 21.71 & mu; g/ L, and the concentration of nonylphenol in tap water was 1.35-24. 70. mu. g/ L, average value 7.28. mu. g/ L.4. The main brand of bottled water and barreled water in the Suzhou area can be detected with nonylphenol, the concentration is 0.02-0.34. m The release amount of the base phenol is 0,02-18.10. mu. g/ L.5. All kinds of treatment methods have one of the nonylphenol in the water sample. The removal efficiency of the removal is in the range of 50.91-93.95%. The removal effect of boiling is the best in the single treatment method, and the removal efficiency is 90%. .64%, the remaining removal rate was 50.91-87.23%. The combined treatment method, coagulation and precipitation filtration The effect of chlorination and disinfection treatment is the best, and the removal rate is 93.95. %. it The removal rate of the residual method is 70.27-91.23%. Conclusion:1. The nonylphenol in water sample is analyzed by solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid-phase-mass spectrometry. The detection limit, the recovery and the precision of the spike meet the detection requirements and meet the requirements of the methodology.2. The various water bodies in Suzhou have been generally contaminated with nonylphenol Some of the ground water pollution is more serious, and the groundwater, spring water and rain pollution degree are relatively light.3. The main brand bottle in the market Nonylphenol can be detected in both water and barreled water, and nonylphenol can also be released during the use of all kinds of food and beverage utensils. Nonylphenol can be detected in tap water source water and tip water, and the concentration of nonylphenol in the peripheral water is more obvious than that of the corresponding source water. The decrease indicates that the present water treatment method can remove most of the nonylphenol, but can not be completely removed.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R123.5;X505

【参考文献】