茶叶中水溶性氟化物安全风险分析及安徽茶园土壤—茶树系统氟富集特性

发布时间：2019-03-22 12:10

【摘要】：随着人们对茶叶质量安全认识提高，茶叶中氟含量超标的问题越来越引起人们的重视。正确认识茶叶中的氟，趋利避害，，是现实而又紧迫的课题。为了解目前市场上茶叶中水溶性氟化物含量，对我国489份茶样及市购40份国外品牌茶样进行了水溶性氟化物含量分析及对安全风险进行了评价。另对安徽省庐江、岳西、祁门、金寨、郎溪、泾县、东至、合肥八个地区茶园的土壤、茶树嫩叶及成熟叶进行实地调查采样。分析了土壤各赋存形态氟的含量、氟在茶树体内的富集特征以及不同茶树品种对氟的富集特征等，为保证安徽茶园茶叶质量安全提供依据。 1我国市售茶叶水溶性氟化物含量调查及健康安全风险评估本文检测了529份茶样，分析茶叶中水溶性氟化物含量、频率分布特征及其与氟化物安全摄入量之间的关系。茶叶中水溶性氟化物含量为8.5～965mg/kg，平均值为108.78mg/kg，且黑茶(218.99mg/kg)＞青茶(153.26mg/kg)＞红茶(93.35mg/kg）＞绿茶（60.28mg/kg）＞白茶（52.65mg/kg）。黑茶、青茶、红茶、绿茶、白茶饮用人群通过饮茶途径每日摄入氟分别为2.50mg、1.75mg、1.06mg、0.69mg、0.60mg。参考我国氟日均允许摄入量，对多数饮茶人群来说，尚不存在通过饮茶摄入氟过量的问题。但是在极端情况如长期大量饮用氟化物含量高的茶叶，则会有一定的健康风险。通过开展茶叶中的氟化物定量风险评估工作，量化中国普通居民饮茶途径的氟化物风险水平。利用基于蒙特卡罗分析技术的Crystal Ball软件，以风险商HQ表征饮茶途径的氟化物风险。评估结果表明，中国普通居民通过饮茶途径的氟化物风险商平均值小于1，但在95百分位大于1。说明中国普通居民通过饮茶途径摄入氟化物存在一定的健康风险。进一步分析表明，在高暴露水平下绿茶、红茶的风险商上升趋势并不明显，黑茶的氟化物风险商急剧上升，说明绿茶、红茶饮用人群通过饮茶途径的氟化物暴露不存在健康风险，而黑茶饮用人群存在一定的健康风险。因而需加强对茶叶中氟化物的控制和检测，从而进一步降低中国普通居民饮茶途径的氟化物风险水平。 2安徽茶园土壤-茶树系统氟富集特性对安徽茶园土壤不同赋存形态氟的含量及分布状况进行分析结果表明，安徽茶园土壤中总氟的含量范围为191.4～1138.0mg/kg，平均含量为405.3mg/kg低于我国氟的土壤背景（453mg/kg)。茶园土壤氟主要以残余态氟形式存在，残余态氟占土壤全氟（T-F）的95％以上。残余态（Res-F）＞可交换态氟（Ex-F）＞铁锰结合态（Fe/Mn-F）＞水溶态（Ws-F）＞有机束缚态(O.M.F)。土壤中各氟赋存形态之间普遍存在比较显著的相关性，总氟与残余态氟的相关系数甚至接近于1，具有极显著的相关性。安徽茶园茶树嫩叶中水溶性氟氟含量为52.13mg/kg～264.2mg/kg，总氟为70.06mg/kg～350.5mg/kg。大多数样品低于农业部茶叶氟含量安全限量标准（200mg/kg)。成熟叶中水溶性氟含量为151.6mg/kg～2093mg/kg，总氟为365.6mg/kg～2476mg/kg。成熟叶中的氟含量明显高于嫩叶中的含量。嫩叶对氟的富集系数为0.13～0.95。成熟叶对氟的富集系数为1.03～8.56。土壤总氟对嫩叶中水氟含量和总氟含量的直接效应最强，铁锰结合态氟对成熟叶中水氟含量和总氟含量有着强烈的直接效应。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the quality and safety of the tea, the problem of the content of the fluorine in the tea is more and more important. It is a realistic and urgent task to have a correct understanding of the fluorine in the tea. In ord to understand that content of water-soluble fluoride in tea in the present market, the content of water-soluble fluoride in 489 tea samples and 40 foreign brand tea samples in China were analyzed and the safety risk was evaluated. On the other hand, the field investigation and sampling of the soil, the tender leaf and the mature leaves of the tea garden in the Lujiang, Yuxi, Qimen, Jinzhai, Langxi, Qixian, Dongzhi and Hefei in Anhui Province are carried out. The content of fluorine in each occurrence of the soil, the enrichment of fluorine in the tea tree and the enrichment of different tea varieties to the fluorine were analyzed, so as to provide the basis for ensuring the quality and safety of tea in the tea garden of Anhui. Investigation on the content of water-soluble fluoride in tea in China and the risk of health and safety In this paper,529 tea samples were tested, and the content of water-soluble fluoride, frequency distribution and the safe intake of fluoride were analyzed. The content of the water-soluble fluoride in the tea is 8.5-965 mg/ kg, the average value is 108.78 mg/ kg, and the black tea (218.99 mg/ kg) is more than that of the green tea (153.26 mg/ kg), the black tea (93.35 mg/ kg), the green tea (60.28 mg/ kg) and the white tea (52.65 mg/ kg). kg) of black tea, green tea, black tea, green tea and white tea drinking group, the daily intake of fluorine by the tea drinking way is 2.50 mg, 1.75 mg, 1.06 mg, 0.69 mg, 0.6, 0 mg. With reference to the allowable daily intake of fluoride in China, there is no excess of fluoride in the majority of the tea-drinking population by drinking tea but in extreme cases, such as a large amount of tea with high fluoride content for a long period of time, there will be some health The study on the quantitative risk assessment of fluoride in tea and the quantification of the fluoride of tea by ordinary residents in China Risk level of the product. Crystal Ball software based on the Monte Carlo analysis technique is used to characterize the tea-drinking route with the risk quotient HQ. The results of the assessment show that the average value of fluoride risk quotient of Chinese ordinary residents through tea drinking is less than 1, but at 95% The distribution of fluoride is greater than 1. It is indicated that the intake of fluoride in Chinese ordinary residents by means of tea drinking has a certain degree. Further analysis showed that the risk quotient of green tea and black tea was not obvious at high exposure level, and the fluoride risk quotient of black tea rose sharply, indicating that the fluoride exposure of green tea and black tea drinking population through tea drinking was not stored. In the health risk, the black tea drinking population has a certain degree Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control and detection of the fluoride in the tea so as to further reduce the fluoridation of the tea drinking way of the ordinary residents in China. the risk level of the product. Soil-tea in tea garden in Anhui The content and distribution of the fluorine in the soil of the tea garden in Anhui were analyzed by the fluorine enrichment of the tree system. The results showed that the content of the total fluorine in the soil of the tea garden in Anhui was from 191.4 to 1138.0mg/ kg, and the average content was 405.3 mg/ kg, which was lower than that of the soil in China. The soil fluorine in the tea garden mainly exists in the form of residual fluorine, and the residual fluorine accounts for the soil perfluoro (T The residual state (Res-F)> the exchangeable fluorine (Ex-F)> iron-manganese bound (Fe/ Mn-F)> water-soluble (Ws-F)> organic beam The correlation coefficient between the fluorine and the residual fluorine in the soil is close to 1. The content of the water-soluble fluoride in the tender leaf of tea in the tea garden of Anhui was 52.13mg/ kg-264.2 mg/ kg and the total fluoride was 70.06 mg/ kg ~ 3. 50.5 mg/ kg. Most of the samples were lower than that of the Ministry of Agriculture's tea fluorine content safety limits ( The content of water-soluble fluorine in the mature leaves is 151.6 mg/ kg-209mg/ kg and the total fluoride is 365.6 mg/ kg ~ The content of fluoride in the mature leaves of 2476 mg/ kg. The content of the tender leaf is higher than that of the tender leaf, and the enrichment factor of the tender leaf to the fluorine is 0.13 to 0.95. The enrichment factor of the mature leaf to the fluorine is 1.03 to 8.56. The direct effect of total fluorine on the content of water and the total fluorine in the tender leaves of the soil is the strongest, and the content of the water and the total fluorine in the mature leaves of the iron-manganese-bound fluorine are the highest.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R151

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