某造船厂电焊工职业环境与健康状况分析
发布时间：2019-04-24 10:55
【摘要】：目的:调查造船厂电焊作业工人的职业环境,了解企业作业环境卫生状况;对电焊作业所造成的职业健康问题进行分析,掌握其对工人健康状况的影响;比较不同特征电焊工作人员的健康状况并探索其影响因素,为职业病的防治工作提供科学依据。对象与方法:对某造船厂七个车间的电焊作业场所进行职业环境调查与职业性有害因素检测,收集造船厂967名电焊工作人员职业健康检查资料。利用EXCEL录入数据,导入SPSS17.0统计软件进行分析。对心电图、X线胸片、血ALT、肺功能改变的可能影响因素进行分析。结果:(1)基本工艺及职业卫生管理:焊接是该企业生产加工重要生产工艺,该企业7个车间均有焊接作业岗位。建立了职业卫生管理机构,配备了机械通风和个人使用的职业病防护用品,提供了职业病性有害因素检测和职工职业健康检查等基本的职业卫生服务。(2)车间检测:焊接车间电焊烟尘短时间接触浓度(CSTEL)和时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)均超限,其中以结构、模块和配管车间CsTEL和CTWA超限率较高;锰、臭氧、氮氧化物、一氧化碳均不超过职业接触限值。(3)职业健康检查:焊工肺功能、X线胸片、血ALT和心电图异常率分别为30.6%、11.3%、13.9%和15.4%。暴露电焊烟尘浓度超限的焊工肺功能、X线胸片异常率明显高于不超限组,结果差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)Logistic回归分析:X线胸片异常与电焊烟尘CTWA超限(P=0.026,OR=1.982,B=0.68)和工龄(P=0.000,OR=1.465,B=0.382)有关;肺功能的异常也与电焊烟尘CTWA 超限(P=0.027,OR=1.512,B=0.414)和工龄(P=0.000,R=1.286,B=0.252)有关。电焊烟尘暴露超限和工龄是该企业电焊职工X线胸片和肺功能异常的主要危险因素。结论:该企业职业卫生状况整体不良,尤其电焊烟尘超限严重。电焊作业人员健康状况较差,电焊烟尘暴露和工龄是职工影响职业健康的主要危险因素。必须采取有效的措施,降低电焊烟尘浓度。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the occupational environment of electric welding workers in shipyards, to understand the environmental hygiene status of enterprises, to analyze the occupational health problems caused by electric welding operation, and to understand its influence on workers' health status. The health status of welding workers with different characteristics was compared and the influencing factors were explored in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Objects and methods: occupational environment investigation and occupational harmful factors detection were carried out in seven electric welding workplaces of a shipyard. Data of occupational health examination of 967 welding workers in shipyard were collected. Using EXCEL input data, import SPSS17.0 statistical software for analysis. The possible influencing factors of electrocardiogram, X-ray chest film and blood ALT, pulmonary function were analyzed. Results: (1) basic process and occupational hygiene management: welding is an important production process in this enterprise, and welding jobs are available in 7 workshops of the enterprise. (a) the establishment of an occupational health administration, equipped with mechanical ventilation and occupational disease protective equipment for personal use, Basic occupational health services such as occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health examination were provided. (2) Workshop detection: short time exposure concentration (CSTEL) and time weighted average concentration (CTWA) of welding dust in welding workshop exceeded the limit. Among them, the structure, module and pipe workshop CsTEL and CTWA exceed the limit rate is higher; (3) Occupational health examination: the abnormal rates of lung function, chest X-ray, blood ALT and ECG were 30.6% and 11.3%, respectively. 13.9 percent and 15.4 percent. The abnormal rate of X-ray chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). (4). Logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormal chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The abnormal chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the welding dust CTWA (P0. 026,0. 026, P < 0. 026). OR=1.982,B=0.68 was related to the length of work (P < 0.001, OR 1.465, B = 0.382). The abnormal lung function was also related to the excess of CTWA (P = 0.027, OR = 1.512, B = 0.414) and the duration of work (P = 0.000, R = 1.286, B = 0.252). The exposure limit and working age of welding dust are the main risk factors of X-ray chest film and abnormal lung function of welding workers in this enterprise. Conclusion: the occupational health status of the enterprise is poor, especially the welding smoke and dust exceed the limit seriously. The health status of welding workers is poor. Exposure of welding dust and length of service are the main risk factors affecting workers' occupational health. Effective measures must be taken to reduce the concentration of welding dust.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R135
本文编号：2464392
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the occupational environment of electric welding workers in shipyards, to understand the environmental hygiene status of enterprises, to analyze the occupational health problems caused by electric welding operation, and to understand its influence on workers' health status. The health status of welding workers with different characteristics was compared and the influencing factors were explored in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Objects and methods: occupational environment investigation and occupational harmful factors detection were carried out in seven electric welding workplaces of a shipyard. Data of occupational health examination of 967 welding workers in shipyard were collected. Using EXCEL input data, import SPSS17.0 statistical software for analysis. The possible influencing factors of electrocardiogram, X-ray chest film and blood ALT, pulmonary function were analyzed. Results: (1) basic process and occupational hygiene management: welding is an important production process in this enterprise, and welding jobs are available in 7 workshops of the enterprise. (a) the establishment of an occupational health administration, equipped with mechanical ventilation and occupational disease protective equipment for personal use, Basic occupational health services such as occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health examination were provided. (2) Workshop detection: short time exposure concentration (CSTEL) and time weighted average concentration (CTWA) of welding dust in welding workshop exceeded the limit. Among them, the structure, module and pipe workshop CsTEL and CTWA exceed the limit rate is higher; (3) Occupational health examination: the abnormal rates of lung function, chest X-ray, blood ALT and ECG were 30.6% and 11.3%, respectively. 13.9 percent and 15.4 percent. The abnormal rate of X-ray chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). (4). Logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormal chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The abnormal chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the welding dust CTWA (P0. 026,0. 026, P < 0. 026). OR=1.982,B=0.68 was related to the length of work (P < 0.001, OR 1.465, B = 0.382). The abnormal lung function was also related to the excess of CTWA (P = 0.027, OR = 1.512, B = 0.414) and the duration of work (P = 0.000, R = 1.286, B = 0.252). The exposure limit and working age of welding dust are the main risk factors of X-ray chest film and abnormal lung function of welding workers in this enterprise. Conclusion: the occupational health status of the enterprise is poor, especially the welding smoke and dust exceed the limit seriously. The health status of welding workers is poor. Exposure of welding dust and length of service are the main risk factors affecting workers' occupational health. Effective measures must be taken to reduce the concentration of welding dust.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R135
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