水产品中多聚磷酸盐的含量测定及风险评估

发布时间：2019-04-28 20:17

【摘要】：多聚磷酸盐是一类重要的食品添加剂,在食品工业中主要起保持食品水分、调节pH值、缓冲、螯合金属离子等作用,在水产品的保存和运输过程中,加入一定量的多聚磷酸盐,能增加产品的保水性能。本文主要针对我国水产品添加多聚磷酸盐的现状,建立了离子色谱法快速准确测定水产品中多聚磷酸盐的含量,并对青岛市售水产品中多聚磷酸盐的残留量进行了调查分析,根据风险评估理论对水产品中磷酸盐的总量进行了风险评估,并通过动物实验初步探讨了三聚磷酸钠对生长期大鼠骨骼发育的影响及其预防措施。建立了离子色谱法同时测定水产品中正磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、三聚磷酸盐及三偏磷酸盐的含量。采用AS11-HC离子色谱柱,流动相为KOH,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,电导抑制检测。结果表明,四种组分分离效果较好,线性关系良好,加样回收率为80.3～106.9%。该检测方法精密度高,准确度好,操作简便,可用于水产品中多聚磷酸盐的含量测定。通过对青岛市售水产品中磷酸盐残留量的调查分析,为水产品的质量安全及风险监测提供一定的科学依据。采集水产样品共计506份,其中14种冷冻海水鱼91份、冻虾64份、冻虾仁201份、鱼糜制品50份以及烤鱼片100份。结果表明,多数水产样品正磷酸盐含量较高,多聚磷酸盐中以焦磷酸盐和三聚磷酸盐含量较高；不同种类水产样品中磷酸盐含量存在一定的显著差异(P0.05)。正磷酸盐含量由高到低依次为烤鱼片、冷冻海水鱼、冻虾仁、冻虾、鱼糜制品；焦磷酸盐含量由高到低依次为冻虾仁、烤鱼片、鱼糜制品、冻虾、冷冻海水鱼；三聚磷酸盐含量由高到低依次为冻虾仁、鱼糜制品、冻虾、烤鱼片、冷冻海水鱼；绝大部分水产品样品中三偏磷酸盐含量低于检出限。据《2010中国渔业统计年鉴》对不同水产品种类加权分析,得到总磷酸盐含量范围为665.77-19938.02mg/kg,平均值为2967.78mg/kg,中位值为2337.82mg/kg,总磷酸盐含量不符合正态分布(P0.05)。运用风险评估理论对水产品中磷酸盐总量进行了风险评估。结果表明,居民通过食用水产品途径摄入磷酸盐,日均暴露量的平均值为6.97mg/(kg-d),风险商的平均值为0.03,且均小于1,说明居民通过食用水产品途径摄入磷酸盐对人体健康造成风险的可能性不大。通过动物实验,研究三聚磷酸钠对生长期大鼠体重、体长,胫骨和股骨的长度、湿重、干重、灰重以及钙磷镁等矿物质的影响。结果表明,过量三聚磷酸钠具有抑制大鼠生长和骨骼发育的作用,并且有一定的量效关系。补充碳酸钙有助于改善高磷饮食对大鼠骨骼发育的影响。
[Abstract]:Polyphosphate is a kind of important food additive, which can keep food moisture, adjust pH value, buffer, chelate metal ions and so on in the food industry. In the process of preservation and transportation of aquatic products, a certain amount of polyphosphate is added. Can increase the product's water retention performance. In view of the present situation of adding polyphosphate to aquatic products in China, a rapid and accurate determination of polyphosphate content in aquatic products by ion chromatography was established, and the residue of polyphosphate in aquatic products sold in Qingdao was investigated and analyzed. Based on the theory of risk assessment, the risk assessment of total phosphate in aquatic products was carried out. The effects of sodium tripolyphosphate on bone development in growing rats and its preventive measures were preliminarily discussed through animal experiments. A method for simultaneous determination of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, triphosphate and trimetaphosphate in aquatic products by ion chromatography was established. A AS11-HC ion column was used, the mobile phase was KOH, gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL / min, and the conductivity inhibition detection was performed. The results showed that the separation effect of the four components was good, and the linear relationship was good. The recovery of adding sample was 80.3% 106.9%. The method has the advantages of high precision, good accuracy and simple operation. It can be used for the determination of polyphosphate in aquatic products. Based on the investigation and analysis of phosphate residues in aquatic products sold in Qingdao City, a scientific basis for quality safety and risk monitoring of aquatic products was provided. Totally 506 fish samples were collected, including 91 frozen marine fish, 64 frozen shrimp, 201 frozen shrimp, 50 surimi products and 100 roast fish fillets. The results showed that the content of orthophosphate in most aquatic samples was higher than that of pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate in polyphosphate, and there was a significant difference in phosphate content among different kinds of aquatic samples (P0.05). The order of orthophosphate content from high to low was roast fish fillet, frozen seawater fish, frozen shrimp, frozen shrimp and surimi products, and pyrophosphate content from high to low was frozen shrimp kernel, roast fish fillet, surimi products, frozen shrimp and frozen seawater fish. The order of triphosphate content was frozen shrimp meat, surimi products, frozen shrimp, grilled fish fillet and frozen seawater fish, and the content of trimetaphosphate in most aquatic products was lower than the detection limit. According to the weighted analysis of different kinds of aquatic products in China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook 2010, the total phosphate content ranges from 665.77 to 19938.02 mg / kg, with an average value of 2967.78 mg / kg and a median value of 2337.82 mg / kg. The total phosphate content did not accord with normal distribution (P0.05). The risk assessment of the total phosphate content in aquatic products was carried out by using the theory of risk assessment. The results showed that the average daily exposure was 6.97mg/ (kg-d) and the average risk quotient was 0.03, and all of them were less than 1, and the average daily exposure was 6.97mg/ (kg-d), the average value of risk quotient was 0.03, and the daily exposure of phosphate was less than 1. It is suggested that the risk to human health caused by phosphate intake through eating aquatic products is very low. The effects of sodium tripolyphosphate on body weight, body length, length of tibia and femur, wet weight, dry weight, ash weight and calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in growing rats were studied. The results showed that excessive sodium tripolyphosphate could inhibit the growth and bone development of rats, and there was a dose-effect relationship. Calcium carbonate supplementation can improve the effect of high phosphorus diet on bone development in rats.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R155.5

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