合肥市水源与饮用水中增塑剂污染调查和健康风险评价

发布时间：2019-06-02 23:23

【摘要】：目的调查合肥市水源与饮用水中双酚类（BPs）和邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）增塑剂污染特征，评估对人体潜在健康风险。方法⑴通过摸索最佳固相萃取和色谱质谱条件，分别建立固相萃取-超高液相色谱/串联质谱（SPE-UPLC/MS/MS）法测定水中3种BPs和固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱（SPE-GC/MS）法测定水中7种PAEs；⑵于平水期、丰水期和枯水期对合肥市第三、六水厂水源水、出厂水及末梢水中BPs和PAEs进行为期一年的监测；⑶根据检测结果，利用美国环境保护署（US EPA）推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型，从饮水途径对不同性别人群致癌和非致癌风险进行定量评估。结果⑴研究建立了水中3种BPs的SPE-UPLC/MS/MS测定法以及水中7种PAEs的SPE-GC/MS测定法，方法分别在1.0～100.0μg/L和0.01～10.0mg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系，其相关系数均大于0.9985,方法最低检测质量浓度BPs为0.75～1.00ng/L、PAEs为1.50～9.40ng/L,回收率分别为87.0～106.9%和85.2～114.2%,RSD分别为1.6～3.7%和1.7～4.2%；⑵水源与饮用水中均有6种增塑剂检出，为双酚A（BPA）、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)。三、六水厂水源与饮用水中BPA和PAEs含量分别为水源水8.57～15.70ng/L、2.73～8.14μg/L,出厂水nd～2.74ng/L、1.91～5.06μg/L和末梢水1.03～3.01ng/L、2.04～6.59μg/L，均未超过国家标准限值；⑶水源与饮用水中主要污染物均为DEHP和DIBP，平均贡献率分别为三水厂45.69%和29.36%，六水厂为44.23%和31.04%；⑷BPs和PAEs污染种类三水期未见明显变化，BPA和∑PAEs污染水平呈水期分布特征，BPA含量为枯水期＞平水期＞丰水期，∑PAEs浓度呈丰水期枯水期平水期；⑸三水厂、六水厂不同净水工艺（分别为常规和预氧化强化常规净水工艺）对饮用水中增塑剂的总去除率分别为42.53%和44.96%。其中，三水厂对BPA的去除率高于六水厂，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）；⑹三水厂末梢水中BPA、DBP和DEHP较出厂水含量有所增加，增幅分别为66.22%、16.26%和5.96%，其中BPA和DBP含量随管网距离增加略有升高。六水厂末梢水中各检出目标物较其出厂水含量均有增高，，以DBP、DEHP和BPA为主，增幅分别为63.29%、18.09%和9.83%，且浓度随管网距离增加而升高；⑺水源水和饮用水中BPA和PAEs所致的致癌风险在10~(-7)～10~(-5)级，非致癌风险在10-3级；⑻DEHP为致癌风险和非致癌风险主要污染物，平均贡献率100%和93.11%；⑼出厂水致癌风险和非致癌风险较水源水有所降低，平均降幅分别为三水厂30.19%和23.35%，六水厂36.16%和29.00%；⑽三、六水厂末梢水致癌风险和非致癌风险略高于出厂水，平均增幅分别为6.10%和18.40%，非致癌风险平均增幅为6.46%和17.74%。结论⑴合肥市水源及饮用水已不同程度地受到BPs和PAEs类增塑剂的污染，主要污染物为DEHP和DIBP，检出浓度均未超过国家现行水源水和生活饮用水标准限值；⑵现有的常规和预氧化强化常规净水工艺对BPA和PAEs类增塑剂的去除作用有限，建议开展针对BPA和PAEs类增塑剂净水新工艺新技术的研究；⑶初步评价水源和饮用水中BPs和PAEs类增塑剂所致人群致癌和非致癌风险均在可接受水平，不会对成人产生明显的健康危害；⑷减少或消除水源地保护区工业废水及生活污水的排放和污染，降低饮用水中DEHP等增塑剂污染的潜在风险。
[Abstract]:Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of double phenols (BPs) and phthalates (PAEs) in the water source and drinking water of Hefei city, and to evaluate the potential health risk of the human body. Methods: Three kinds of BPs and solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (SPE-GC/ MS) in water were determined by solid-phase extraction-ultra-high liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC/ MS/ MS), and 7 kinds of PAEs in water were determined by SPE-UPLC/ MS/ MS. The water source, water, water and peripheral water BPs and PAEs of the third and sixth water plants in Hefei are monitored for one year in the period of period, high water period and dry season, and the water source water, the delivery water and the peripheral water of the third and sixth water works in Hefei are monitored for one The results of the test, using the water environment health risk assessment recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Price model, to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of different sex people from the drinking water route The results are as follows: The SPE-UPLC/ MS/ MS method for three kinds of BPs in water and SPE-GC/ MS method for seven kinds of PAEs in water are established. The method has a good linear relationship in the range of 1.0-100.0 & mu; g/ L and 0.01-10.0 mg/ L, the correlation coefficient of which is greater than 0.9985, the lowest detection mass concentration of the method is 0.75-1.00 ng/ L, and the PAEs is 1.50-9.40n. The recoveries were 87.0-106.9% and 85.2-114.2%, RSD were 1.6-3.7% and 1.7-4.2%, respectively. Six kinds of plasticizers were detected in water and drinking water, which were bisphenol A (BPA), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DI). BP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (D The content of BPA and PAEs in water source and drinking water of water works is 8.57-15.70 ng/ L, 2.73-8.14 & mu; g/ L, nd ~ 2.74ng/ L, 1.91-5.06 & mu; g/ L and 1.03-3.01ng/ L, 2.04-6.59 & mu; g/ L, all of which do not exceed the national standard limit; the main pollutants in the water source and drinking water are DEHP and D. The average contribution rate of the IBP and PAEs is 45.69% and 29.36% of the three waterworks, 44.23% and 31.04% in the six waterworks, and the pollution level of the BPs and PAEs is not changed obviously. The pollution level of the BPA and the PAEs is characterized by the water season, and the content of the BPA is in the dry season. The total removal rate of plasticizer in drinking water was 42.53% and 44, respectively. The removal rate of BPA, DBP and DEHP in the peripheral water of the three waterworks increased by 66.22%, 16.26% and 5.96%, respectively, and the content of BPA and DBP increased slightly with the distance of the pipe network. There was an increase in the water content of each of the detection targets in the peripheral water of the six waterworks, mainly including DBP, DEHP and BPA, with an increase of 63.29%, 18.09% and 9.83%, respectively, and the concentration increased with the increase of the distance of the pipe network. The carcinogenic risk caused by BPA and PAEs in the water and drinking water of the water source was 10 ~ (-7) ~ 10 ~ (-). 5) The non-carcinogenic risk is at the level of 10-3; the average contribution rate is 100% and 93.11% of the main pollutants of the cancer risk and the non-cancer risk, and the average decrease is 30.19% and 23.35% of the three water plants, 36.16% and 29.00% of the water works, respectively. The cancer risk and non-carcinogenic risk of peripheral water in the third and sixth waterworks were slightly higher than that of the ex-factory water, with an average increase of 6.10% and 18.40%, and the average increase of non-carcinogenic risk was 6.46% and 17. Conclusion The water source and drinking water in Hefei City have been polluted by BPs and PAEs, and the main pollutants are DEHP and DIBP, and the detected concentration is not more than that of the water and domestic drinking water in the country. The existing conventional and pre-oxidation enhanced conventional water purification process has limited effect on the removal of BPA and PAEs, and it is suggested to carry out a new process of water purification for BPA and PAEs. Study of the technology; the risk of cancer and non-cancer caused by the BPs and PAEs in the water source and the drinking water in the preliminary evaluation is at an acceptable level, and no obvious health hazard is generated for the adult; and the waste water and domestic sewage in the protected area of the water source area can be reduced or eliminated. discharge and pollution, and reduce the pollution of the plasticizer such as DEHP in the drinking wate
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R123.5

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