甲醛作业人员的健康状况:以3家密度板制造企业为例

发布时间：2019-06-08 08:49

【摘要】：[目的]了解密度板生产过程中,甲醛对作业人员健康状况的影响,为提出职业健康干预措施和策略提供科学依据。[方法]采用整群抽样的方法,选择山东省某市3家密度板制造企业。选择制胶工、铺装工、热压工和热磨工等接触甲醛的作业人员为暴露组,共131人;选择同厂行政、后勤、市场采购等不接触甲醛的工作人员作为对照组,共80人。由专业医师对所有研究对象进行职业健康检查。[结果]暴露组作业人员眼部刺痛、流泪,鼻道刺激,咳嗽、咳痰,咽喉疼痛,呼吸道发干,头痛、头晕症状的发生率高于对照组(P0.05);血常规检查结果显示,暴露组作业人员血小板高于对照组(P0.05),而白细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白与对照组无差异(P0.05);血生化检查结果显示,所有研究对象的总胆固醇均在正常范围内,但暴露组人群总胆固醇水平低于对照组人群(P0.05);肺功能检查发现显示暴露组人群用力肺活量平均水平低于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]密度板加工企业工人长期接触甲醛,可对健康造成不良影响。应该加强防护,定期进行职业健康监护提高职业健康水平。
[Abstract]:[objective] to understand the effect of formaldehyde on the health status of workers in the process of density plate production, and to provide scientific basis for putting forward occupational health intervention measures and strategies. [methods] three density board manufacturing enterprises in a city of Shandong Province were selected by cluster sampling. The workers exposed to formaldehyde, such as rubber maker, pavement worker, hot pressing worker and thermal grinder, were selected as the exposure group, and the staff who were not exposed to formaldehyde in the same factory administration, logistics, market procurement and so on were selected as the control group, with a total of 80 workers. All subjects were examined by a professional doctor for occupational health. [results] the incidence of eye tingling, tears, nasal irritation, cough, expectoration, pharynx and throat pain, dry respiratory tract, headache and dizziness in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). The results of blood routine examination showed that the platelets in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group (P 0.05), but there was no difference in leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin between the exposed group and the control group (P 0.05). The results of blood biochemical examination showed that the total cholesterol of all the subjects was within the normal range, but the total cholesterol level of the exposed group was lower than that of the control group (P 0.05). Lung function test showed that the average level of forced vital capacity in the exposed group was lower than that in the control group (P 0.05). [conclusion] long-term exposure to formaldehyde in dense plate processing enterprises can have adverse effects on health. Protection should be strengthened and occupational health monitoring should be carried out regularly to improve the level of occupational health.
【作者单位】：山东省医学科学院;山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院;济南大学-山东省医学科学院医学与生命科学学院;
【基金】：济南市科技发展规划项目(编号:201202045) 国家自然科学基金(编号:81172645)
【分类号】：R131

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