南通市某船舶制造企业职业病危害调查

发布时间：2019-07-14 11:40

【摘要】：[目的]以某船舶制造企业为典型对象,评价船舶建造行业的职业病危害因素,提出针对性的防护措施。[方法]采用现场职业卫生调查的方法,对某船舶制造重工项目进行职位病危害因素检测,调查该项目作业场所职业病防护设施和个人防护情况,并结合职业健康检查的结果,对该企业的职业病危害现状进行评价。[结果]该企业船舶建造过程中大部分采用机械自动化,但特殊规格的工件需人工切割、焊接、补漆。大部分工人集中在手工操作区域,主要受到电焊烟尘、毒物(甲苯、二甲苯)及噪声的危害。人工切割及人工焊接的粉尘超标率为15.0%;人工喷漆主要是甲苯及二甲苯超标,化学毒物超标率为14.0%;噪声超标43.5%,主要在人工打磨和切割作业区,焊接作业噪声超标主要受周围打磨工作的影响。职工职业健康检查异常主要为电测听及血常规异常。[结论]船舶建造中职业危害主要集中在喷漆、打磨、切割等作业场所,现场作业人员的听力损伤较重。加强通风和机械自动化有利于船舶制造中职业病危害因素的控制,需采取综合防治措施。
[Abstract]:[objective] taking a ship manufacturing enterprise as a typical object, this paper evaluates the occupational disease hazard factors in ship construction industry, and puts forward some corresponding protective measures. [methods] by using the method of field occupational health investigation, the hazard factors of occupational disease in a heavy industry project were detected, and the occupational disease protection facilities and personal protection in the workplace of the project were investigated, and the present situation of occupational disease hazards in this enterprise was evaluated according to the results of occupational health examination. [results] Mechanical automation is mostly used in the process of ship construction in this enterprise, but the workpieces of special specifications need manual cutting, welding and painting. Most of the workers are concentrated in manual operation area, mainly affected by welding soot, poison (toluene, xylene) and noise. The dust exceeding the standard rate of artificial cutting and artificial welding is 15.0%, the artificial painting is mainly toluene and xylene exceeding the standard, the chemical poison exceeding the standard rate is 14.0%, the noise exceeds the standard by 43.5%, mainly in the artificial grinding and cutting operation area, the welding noise exceeding the standard is mainly affected by the surrounding grinding work. The abnormal occupational health examination of workers is mainly electrical audiometry and abnormal blood routine. [conclusion] the occupational hazards in ship construction are mainly in painting, grinding, cutting and other workplaces, and the hearing loss of field operators is more serious. Strengthening ventilation and mechanical automation is beneficial to the control of occupational disease hazards in ship manufacturing, and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken.
【作者单位】：南通大学公共卫生学院;南通通大化学物安全性评价中心有限公司;苏州苏吴检测技术服务有限公司;
【基金】：江苏省自然科学基金(编号:BK2012652,BK2012651) 南通市应用研究计划(编号:BK2013028)
【分类号】：R135

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