2013—2015年兰州市农村环境卫生现状调查

发布时间：2019-08-05 15:26

【摘要】：为了解兰州市农村环境卫生现状,为改善农村环境、促进新农村建设提供科学依据。于2013—2015年采用分层随机抽样方法每年抽取兰州市3个区县60个行政村、600户家庭进行环境卫生现况调查。结果显示,2013—2015年监测村卫生厕所覆盖率分别为18.1%、19.5%、17.4%(P0.05);厕所内有蝇蛆的监测户比例分别占58.8%、48.7%、41.4%(P0.05);垃圾主要丢弃在房屋周围的固定点,且比例上升,丢入垃圾箱/池的比例下降(P0.05);粪便处理均以土掩埋后施肥为主,粪便无害化处理无改善(P0.05);污水排放地点以随意排放为主,分别占68.2%、47.2%、38.2%,比例逐渐下降(P0.05);开展过灭鼠、灭蝇、灭蚊、灭蟑螂工作的监测村比例略有上升(P0.05);监测户厨房有蟑迹、鼠迹、苍蝇的监测户比例和家庭周围积水器内有蚊虫者的比例均有下降(P0.05);土壤蛔虫卵检出率、活卵检出率分别为16.7%、3.3%,无重金属污染;水样合格率为47.7%,2013—2015年波动下降(P0.05);检测指标以总大肠菌群合格率最低(74.7%)。提示兰州市农村环境卫生有所改善,但卫生厕所覆盖率低,粪便欠缺无害化处理,垃圾和污水无序排放,水质合格率较低,以微生物学指标最为严重,应进一步加强管理和改善。
[Abstract]:It provides scientific basis for understanding the present situation of rural environmental health in Lanzhou, improving the rural environment and promoting the construction of new countryside. From 2013 to 2015, 60 administrative villages and 600 families in 3 districts and counties of Lanzhou were investigated by stratified random sampling. The results showed that the coverage rate of sanitary toilets in monitoring villages was 18.1%, 19.5% and 17.4% respectively from 2013 to 2015, and the proportion of monitoring households with maggots in latrines accounted for 58.8%, 48.7% and 41.4% respectively (P 0.05). The proportion of garbage was mainly discarded at the fixed point around the house, and the proportion increased, and the proportion of garbage thrown into trash bins / pools decreased (P 0.05). The fecal treatment was mainly fertilized after soil burying, and the innocuous treatment of feces had no improvement (P 0.05). The sewage discharge sites were mainly random discharge, accounting for 68.2%, 47.2%, 38.2%, respectively, and the proportion decreased gradually (P 0.05). The proportion of monitoring villages that carried out rodent control, fly control, mosquito control and cockroach control increased slightly (P 0.05). The proportion of cockroach, mouse, fly and mosquitoes in the kitchen and the proportion of mosquitoes in the water accumulator around the family decreased (P 0.05); the detection rate of soil Ascaris lumbricoides eggs was 16.7%, 3.3%, no heavy metal pollution, the qualified rate of water samples was 47.7%, and the fluctuation decreased from 2013 to 2015 (P 0.05). The qualified rate of total coliform bacteria was the lowest (74.7%). It is suggested that the rural environmental hygiene in Lanzhou City has been improved, but the coverage rate of sanitary toilets is low, the feces lack of innocuous treatment, the disorderly discharge of garbage and sewage, and the qualified rate of water quality is low. The microbiological index is the most serious, so the management and improvement should be further strengthened.
【作者单位】：兰州大学基础医学院;兰州市疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：兰州市民生科技计划项目(2015-3-127;2016-3-109) 兰州市城关区科技计划项目(2016-7-3)
【分类号】：R127

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