我国女排高水平后备人才常见运动损伤的流行病学研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 20:12

本文选题：女排 + 后备人才　；参考：《福建师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以参加全运会、城运会“青少年组”女子排球队集训的15支高水平后备人才队伍,共计218名运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、实地调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法、描述性研究等研究手段,对运动员运动损伤进行了调查研究。主要研究结果如下： (1)总体运动损伤率81.5%,运动损伤共计276例次,平均1.69次／人。不同年龄运动员运动损伤率之间存在显著性差异；不同运动级别、不同位置运动员运动损伤率之间不存在差异性；运动损伤现状不容乐观,前景令人堪忧。 (2)运动损伤的流行病学特征表现为：运动损伤部位分布主要集合在膝、踝、肩、腰背和腕；主攻、副攻和接应二传的损伤部位主要集中在膝、踝、肩、腰背等部位；二传损伤部位主要集中在腕、膝、踝、手等部位；自由人的损伤部位则主要集中在膝、踝、腰背、腕等部位；运动损伤的病程以急性损伤为主,在急性损伤中损伤部位以踝关节最多,其次是膝关节、肩部、腰部和腕部,急性损伤的性质主要以韧带损伤、肌肉拉伤和挫伤为主；运动损伤的程度以轻度和中度损伤为主；运动损伤发生时段的概率从高到低排列顺序依次为技术训练、战术训练、教学比赛、素质训练、正式比赛和其它时段。 (3)导致我国女排高水平后备人才常见运动损伤的潜在因素主要包括排球项目自身的技术特点和我国女排高水平后备人才整体的身心特征、技术及训练水平特征；直接因素主要表现在身体素质差、技术动作不规范、局部负担过重、准备活动不合理、带伤训练比赛、运动负荷过大、自我保护意识差、过度疲劳等八个主要方面。 (4)我国女排高水平后备人才队伍训练中缺乏完善的医务监督、运动员了解运动损伤知识甚微、防伤教育力度欠缺、高科技手段没有得到充分利用、队伍比赛经验不够等问题,是运动损伤直接致因的主要原因,不同程度上给常见运动损伤的出现带来了隐患。 (5)我国女排高水平后备人才常见运动损伤的预防对策：全面发展身体素质是预防运动损伤的基础措施；完善技术动作是预防运动损伤的有利因素；合理安排训练是预防运动损伤的必要手段；避免带伤训练或比赛是预防运动损伤和二次损伤的重要措施；加强防伤教育,提高防伤意识是预防运动损伤的先决条件；建立完善的医务监督体系是预防运动损伤的有力保障。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a total of 218 athletes from 15 women's volleyball teams in the "Youth team" of the National Games and the City Games were selected as the research objects. The methods of literature, questionnaire, interview and field investigation were used in this paper. Mathematical statistics, logic analysis, descriptive research and other research methods, athletes sports injury investigation and research. The main results were as follows: 1) the total injury rate was 81.5. The total number of sports injuries was 276 (average 1.69 / person). There is significant difference in sports injury rate among athletes of different ages; there is no difference between athletes in different sports levels and positions; the current situation of sports injury is not optimistic. The epidemiological features of sports injuries are as follows: the distribution of sports injuries is mainly concentrated in knee, ankle, shoulder, back and wrist, and the main attack, secondary attack and secondary attack are mainly in knee, ankle and shoulder. The injured parts of the waist and back are mainly concentrated in the wrist, knee, ankle, hand and so on; the free person's injuries are mainly in the knee, the ankle, the back of the waist, the wrist, and so on; the course of the sports injury is mainly acute injury. In acute injury, ankle joint was the most common, followed by knee joint, shoulder, waist and wrist. The main nature of acute injury was ligament injury, muscle strain and contusion, and the degree of sports injury was mild and moderate injury. The order of the probability of sports injury occurring period from high to low is technical training, tactical training, teaching competition, quality training, The potential factors leading to the common sports injury of high-level reserve talents of Chinese women's volleyball team mainly include the technical characteristics of volleyball events and the physical and mental characteristics of high-level reserve talents of Chinese women's volleyball team. The direct factors are poor physical quality, irregular technical movements, excessive local burden, unreasonable preparation activities, injury training competition, excessive exercise load and poor self-protection consciousness. There is a lack of perfect medical supervision in the training of high level reserve talents of Chinese women's volleyball team, the athletes have little knowledge of sports injuries, the strength of injury prevention education is insufficient, and the high-tech means are not fully utilized. The main reason for the direct cause of sports injury is the lack of experience in team competition. To some extent, it brings hidden trouble to the appearance of common sports injuries. 5) the preventive countermeasures of common sports injuries for high-level reserve talents of Chinese women's volleyball team: the comprehensive development of physical quality is the basic measure to prevent sports injuries; Perfecting technical action is a favorable factor to prevent sports injury; rational arrangement of training is a necessary means to prevent sports injury; avoiding injury training or competition is an important measure to prevent sports injury and secondary injury; strengthening injury prevention education, Improving the consciousness of preventing injury is the precondition of preventing sports injury, and establishing a perfect medical supervision system is the effective guarantee to prevent sports injury.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G842;R873

【参考文献】