河南省高校高水平田径运动员运动损伤因素调查研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 03:00

【摘要】：众所周知，田径运动是运动之母，它是所有体育运动项目的基础。然而，由于田径项目动作难度不断提高，训练时间不断加长，对机体的承受能力也提出了越来越高的要求，因此，对多数从事田径运动的高水平运动员来说，运动损伤是不可避免的，怎样减少运动损伤的发生是摆在体育工作者面前的一个重要课题。高校高水平田径运动员一般都具备良好的身体素质和专项技能，然而由于运动损伤的发生，不但打破了科学系统的训练计划，还导致了一批有前途的田径运动员过早地离开了田径场地，这严重的阻碍了田径运动水平的发展。因此，加强对高校高水平运动员尤其是对高水平田径运动员损伤的科学认识、减少运动损伤的发生、寻求有效预防其运动损伤的方法和手段已经迫在眉睫。本研究运用运动医学、运动训练学、体育心理学、人体解剖学、体育保健学等学科的相关知识，采用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计、专家访谈等研究方法，对河南省131名高校高水平田径运动员的运动损伤进行调查，得出以下结论： 1、河南省高校高水平田径运动员的运动级别大部分为二级，占79.4%，，他们平均每年参加比赛的次数为2.5次。 2、河南省高校高水平田径运动员运动损伤率较高，占92.4%，男女运动员受伤人数没有显著差异，人均受伤2.9次。 3、河南省高校高水平田径运动员中损伤部位主要是大腿部（24.2%）、踝部（21.3%）、小腿部（20.5%）等。不同项群项目的田径运动员，在运动损伤部位方面存在着一定的差异。在损伤的轻重程度上多属于轻度损伤和中度损伤，有81.0%的损伤发生在训练阶段；损伤的季节多发生在冬季和秋季。 4、造成运动损伤发生的因素主要有：身体过度疲劳、旧伤未痊愈等生理因素；训练或比赛时情绪低落、注意力不集中等心理因素；技术运用不熟练、技术动作错误等技术因素；准备活动不充分、恢复时间及措施安排不合理等训练因素以及场地器材、天气原因等其他客观因素。并根据研究结果，结合专家意见，提出了一系列解决对策。
[Abstract]:As we all know, track and field is the mother of sports, it is the basis of all sports. However, due to the increasing difficulty and training time of track and field events, the higher and higher demands are put forward on the ability of the body to bear. Therefore, for most of the high-level athletes engaged in track and field sports, Sports injury is inevitable, how to reduce the occurrence of sports injury is an important subject in front of sports workers. High level track and field athletes in colleges and universities generally have good physical quality and special skills. However, due to the occurrence of sports injury, it not only breaks the training plan of scientific system, It also caused a group of promising track and field athletes to leave the track and field early, which seriously hindered the development of track and field level. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the scientific understanding of the injuries of the high level athletes, especially the high level track and field athletes, to reduce the occurrence of the sports injuries and to seek effective methods and means to prevent them. This study uses the relevant knowledge of sports medicine, sports training, sports psychology, human anatomy, sports health care and other subjects, using literature, questionnaire and mathematical statistics, expert interviews and other research methods. The sports injuries of 131 high level track and field athletes in colleges and universities in Henan Province were investigated, and the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The sports grade of high level track and field athletes in Henan Province is mostly second class. The average number of times they take part in competitions is 2.5 times a year. 2. The sports injury rate of high level track and field athletes in Henan Province is relatively high, accounting for 92.4%. There is no significant difference in the number of injuries between male and female athletes. The injuries per capita were 2.9 times. Among the high-level track and field athletes in Henan Province, the main injuries were in the large legs (24.2%), the ankle (21.3%), the lower legs (20.5%) and so on. Track and field athletes in different events have some differences in sports injury location. The degree of injury is mostly mild and moderate, 81.0% of the injuries occur in the training stage, and the seasons of injury occur in winter and autumn. 4, the main factors causing sports injuries are: physical overfatigue, Physiological factors such as unhealed old injuries; psychological factors such as low mood, lack of concentration during training or competition; technical factors such as unskillful use of skills, technical errors in movement, inadequate preparation activities, etc. Training factors such as unreasonable recovery time and measures, and other objective factors, such as venue equipment, weather factors and so on. According to the research results, combined with the expert opinion, a series of solutions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G82;R873

【参考文献】