中美空军飞行学员医学选拔对照实证研究——角膜异常

发布时间：2018-09-10 21:48

【摘要】：目的筛查我军定选因角膜原因淘汰学员按美军标准的评估情况,并对中美两军的医学选拔标准进行合理探讨,提出我军标准修改建议。方法统计我军2012—2015年招飞体检定选学员眼科及其角膜原因不合格情况,并参考美军招飞医学标准,对不合格人数拟重新纳入选拔并对结果进行统计分析。结果近4年我军招飞体检学员因角膜疾病不合格淘汰的构成比在2013年后有所下降,各年差异均有统计学意义(χ2=21.55,P0.05)。同时,近4年因角膜浑浊及角膜屈光矫正史淘汰人数位列前位。参考美军标准后,因角膜云翳、斑翳、角膜内皮浑浊、角膜炎不合格淘汰的学员保留比率较高,均60%;然而,角膜塑形镜佩戴史及角膜屈光手术史不合格学员均不符合拟保留条件。结论美军招飞医学选拔标准较我军宽泛、具体、合理,并主要侧重功能学指标。建议我军招飞体检可适当放宽医学标准,纳入陈旧性不影响视力的角膜浑浊者,并完善关于对比敏感度、立体视觉等视功能检查。且应加紧研究我军角膜屈光手术对军事飞行的影响,进而建立一套系统地适合我军招飞学员及飞行人员的屈光手术标准。
[Abstract]:Objective to screen the evaluation of the selection criteria for cornea elimination students according to the US military standard, and to discuss the medical selection standards of the Chinese and American military, and to put forward some suggestions for the revision of the standards of our army. Methods the unqualified ophthalmology and cornea of the selected cadets from 2012 to 2015 were statistically analyzed. With reference to the medical criteria for recruiting and flying in the US military, the unqualified persons were to be re-selected and the results were statistically analyzed. Results in the last 4 years, the proportion of the students who were eliminated because of corneal diseases decreased after 2013, and the differences were statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (21.55) P _ (0.05). At the same time, the number of elimination due to corneal opacity and corneal refractive correction history ranked first in the last 4 years. After referring to the US military standards, the retention rate of students who failed to qualify for elimination of keratitis due to corneal nebula, speckles, corneal endothelium opacity and keratitis was relatively high (all 60%); however, The history of wear of corneal plastic lens and the history of corneal refractive surgery were not qualified. Conclusion the selection criteria of American military recruitment and flight medicine are broader, more specific and reasonable than our army, and mainly focus on functional indicators. It is suggested that our army should relax the medical standard properly, include the corneal opacity who is old and not affect visual acuity, and improve the examination of contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and other visual functions. Furthermore, we should study the effect of corneal refractive surgery on military flight, and establish a set of refractive surgery standards which are suitable for military flying cadets and flight personnel systematically.
【作者单位】：空军总医院招飞体检队;空军总医院眼科;空军总医院;
【基金】：全军后勤科研“十二五”重大项目(AKJ11J003) 全军后勤科研重点项目(BKJ15J017,BKJ15J006)
【分类号】：R851.3

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