持续高G对豚鼠前庭耳石器的影响及预习服防护措施的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 13:33

本文选题：高G + 前庭　；参考：《第四军医大学》2001年博士论文

【摘要】： 高G环境是航空航天活动中常见的对人体有较大影响的因素之一。随着航空航天技术及人体防护措施的发展，飞行人员需要承受的G值越来越大，宇航员在发射阶段也常需要承受高G值的作用。然而，以往航空航天医学工作者主要着眼于高G值对心脑血管系统的影响及防护等方面，对直接感受高G值作用的前庭耳石器的影响却没有引起足够的重视。耳石器是否能承受如此高的G值而正常工作？这是一个值得深入探讨的问题。因为如果高G值造成耳石器的损害，可引发眩晕、空间定向障碍等，造成严重后果。另外，如果宇航员在发射阶段造成了耳石器的损害，是否会与航天适应综合征（Space adaptation syndrome，SAS）发病有关等也不得而知。因此，探讨、明确高G是否会造成耳石器损伤具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。另外，，如果耳石器受到损伤，在防护上也存在一系列问题。这是因为，由于耳石器解剖，生理上的特殊性，使其不可能象对心脑血管系统那样从装备等方面进行防护，可能的方法只能是通过锻炼等手段，提高其对高G值作用的耐受值。预适应是生物界普遍存在的一种现象，对于保护各系统器官具有一定积极意义。前庭系统是否也存在预适应现象，其是否可提高豚鼠对高G值作用的耐受值，从而对高G作用所致前庭功能损害起到一定的防护作用？这也是一个值得深入探讨的问题。染凹车医人学博士学位论义本文采用行为学、形态学、细胞生物学、分子生物学等手段，观察了＋ltoy oin暴露对豚鼠前庭耳石器的影响以及Z 8天的预习服对其防护作用。主要结果如下： 1．＋lmy初in的暴露（、l地组）可5！起22／28门狐）豚鼠行为学的异常，包括自发眼震、眼位偏斜、头位震颤、头位偏斜、身体转圈、侧滚转等；而在给子＋lffiy SInin的暴露前经过预习服（预习服组）的行为异常率只有14／28 （h）。提示高G可造成豚鼠前庭功能紊乱，预习服具有一定的防护作用。 2．采用光镜、电镜形态学观察方法发现：光镜下八op组和预习服组均有一定程度细胞空泡化。电镜下显示：＋ltoy组于＋ltoy暴露后0．sh呈现两种性质的耳石改变：①耳石消失及耳石再生前体一一球状物的出现：②耳石的变性融合，即耳石失去原有形态，融合为一个整体。24h后表现为耳石膜明显增厚；高倍镜下证实其主要为哑铃状不成熟耳石。预习服组于＋l％y暴露后队sh表现为耳石有裂纹出现和层状化，24h后呈现出耳石质地疏松和微细孔状结构出现。另外两组豚鼠均有纤毛粘连和倒伏。左右耳未见差别。 3．应用原位末端标记的方法（11jNlilM法）在两组均检测到可疑凋亡细胞，两组之间未见明显区别。对照组未见凋亡细胞。 4．应用核酸原位杂交技术，发现预习服组在＋hey暴露后 HSP70 InRNA表达明显增强，其次为＋l地直接暴露组，对照组最弱。 5．应用免疫组织化学方法，发现细胞骨架蛋白cytokeratin在各组间没有变化，actin在各组均呈阴性反应。 6．应用免疫组织化学方法。发现两组ChAT染色均明显高于对照组，不过两组之间未见明显差别。 7．观察到不仅支持细胞可以分泌产生耳石前体——球状物，而且1型细胞也可以产生，证实丰富了前庭生理学中有关耳石再生来源的理论。扼此，提出高G引起豚鼠行为表现异常的主要机理是：①高过载环境下，耳石重量相对增加，引起耳石层与下方胶质层切线力增大，其问结合受到损害，从而《第四军医大学博士学位论文耳石移位和／或耳石、囊斑上皮细胞代谢障碍，引起一系列病变，导致行为学表现异常；②高过载环境下，心肺工作效率下降，血氧饱和度下降，组织能量代谢障碍是引起一系列囊斑病变，导致行为表现异常的又一原因：③内耳血供的一些特点（如缺乏侧枝循环）和囊斑上皮细胞对缺氧等的高敏感性加剧了囊斑病变，对行为学表现异常起到了恶化促进作用；④高过载环境下，外周传入信息增加，中枢乙酚胆碱升高，也是行为学表现异常的因素之一。预习服防护机理在于：恤6G值环境下，耳石层与胶质层之间结合发生改变，如结合更紧密等，从而在高过载作用时不易受损，病变减轻：②组织对缺氧耐受性增加，不易发生能量代谢障碍；＠一系列保护因子如HSNQ［lltNA表达增强，发挥其对组织细胞的保护作用。通过以上途径，囊斑病变减轻，行为学表现异常明显改善
[Abstract]:High G environment is one of the most common factors affecting human health in aerospace activities.
With the development of space and space technology and human protection measures, the G value of flying personnel needs to be increased.
At the launch stage, the crew often need to bear the high G value.
We should focus on the effect of high G on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system and protection, so as to directly sense the high G value.
The influence of the vestibule otolith has not attracted enough attention. Is otolith able to withstand such high G value?
Normal work? This is a question worth further discussion, because if the high G value causes the loss of otolith.
Damage can cause vertigo, spatial disorientation, and other serious consequences. In addition, if astronauts are launching
The stage caused damage to the otolith and whether it would be related to the space adaptation syndrome (Space adaptation).
Syndrome, SAS) the pathogenesis is not known. Therefore, it is clear whether the high G will cause the ear.
Stone injury is of great theoretical and practical significance. In addition, if the otolith is damaged, it will be prevented.
There are also a series of problems in nursing. This is because, because of the special anatomy of the otolith, the physiological particularity makes it difficult.
It is impossible to protect from the equipment such as the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. The only way to do this is to pass.
Exercise and other means improve its tolerance to high G value. Preconditioning is a common phenomenon in the biological world.
The phenomenon is of positive significance for the protection of various organs. Is there any preconditioning in the vestibular system?
Elephant, whether it can increase the tolerance value of guinea pigs to high G value, and thus cause vestibular function due to high G effect.
Damage plays a certain protective role. This is also a question worth further discussion.
A doctorate in the medical humanities of a concave vehicle
In this paper, behavior, morphology, cell biology and molecular biology were used to observe.
The effect of + ltoy oin exposure on the vestibule otolith in guinea pigs and the protective effect of Z 8 day preview clothing on guinea pigs.
The main results are as follows:
1. + lmy initial in exposure (L Group) can be 5! 22 / 28 door fox. Guinea pigs behave differently.
Usually, it includes spontaneous nystagmus, eye deflection, head tremor, head deflection, body rotation, lateral rollover, etc.
And the rate of abnormal behavior was 14 / 28 after preconditioning (preview group) before exposure to SInin.
(H) suggesting that high G can cause vestibular dysfunction in guinea pigs. Preconditioning has certain protective effects.
2. by light microscope and electron microscope observation, it was found that under the light microscope, the eight OP group and the pre study group were all observed.
Vacuolization of cells was observed to some extent. Under electron microscope, 0.sh appeared two properties in + ltoy group after exposure to + ltoy.
Otolith changes: (1) otolith disappeared and otolith regenerating precursors one globule: 2. Otolith degeneration.
In other words, otolith lost its original form and fused into a whole.24h.
At high magnification, it was confirmed that it was mainly dumbbell shaped immature otolith. The SH performance of preconditioning group after exposure to + l%y
There are cracks and stratified structures in the otoliths. After 24h, the otoliths are loose and tiny.
The other two groups of guinea pigs had cilia adhesion and lodging. There was no difference between the left and right ears.
3. suspicious apoptotic cells were detected in two groups by using in situ end labeling (11jNlilM).
There was no significant difference between the two groups.
4. using nucleic acid in situ hybridization, we found that the expression of HSP70 InRNA in preconditioning group after exposure to + US
Obviously increased, followed by + L direct exposure group, the control group was the weakest.
5. immunohistochemical staining showed that cytoskeletal protein cytokeratin was not found among the groups.
The changes of actin were negative in all groups.
6. using immunohistochemical method, two groups of ChAT staining were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group.
There was no significant difference between the two groups.
7. it was observed that not only the supporting cells could secrete otolith precursors - globule, but also type 1 cells.
It can also be produced, which confirms the theory of the origin of otolith in vestibular physiology.
In conclusion, the main mechanism of abnormal behavior of guinea pigs induced by high G is: (1) under high overload environment.
The relative increase of stone weight causes the tangential force of otoliths and lower glial layers to increase.
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Doctoral dissertations of The Fourth Military Medical University
Otolith displacement and / or otolith, cystic spot epithelial cell metabolic disturbance, cause a series of pathological changes, cause behavior behavior.
Under high overload environment, the efficiency of heart and lung decreased, blood oxygen saturation decreased, and tissue energy metabolism.
Obstacle is another cause of a series of cystic lesions, resulting in abnormal behavior.
Some features (such as lack of collateral circulation) and cystic plaque cells aggravate Gao Min's perception of anoxia and so on.
It has played an important role in promoting abnormal behavior.
In addition, the increase of central acetylcholine is also one of the factors of abnormal behavior.
In: under the 6G value environment, the combination of otoliths and glial layers changes, such as closer integration.
Thus, it is not easy to be damaged under high overload, and the lesion is reduced.
A series of protective factors, such as HSNQ (lltNA), enhance their energy metabolism.
Through the above pathway, the cystic lesions were relieved and the behavioral performance was improved significantly.
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：R852.3

【参考文献】