不同强度耐力训练对自主神经功能的影响及其预防急性高原反应的意义

发布时间：2018-06-26 19:10

本文选题：高原 + 耐力　；参考：《第三军医大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的探讨不同强度耐力训练对自主神经系统(ANS)功能的影响及预防急性高原反应(AMS)的作用,为平原担负高原作战任务部队提供科学、合理的训练方案及理论依据。方法 (一)平原急进西藏高原现场研究遂行某部99名男性新兵由四川双流(海拔560m)空运至西藏拉萨(3675m)。在平原和急进高原后第4天检测受试新兵握力、4×10m折返跑、台阶指数及台阶运动后血乳酸浓度;在平原和急进高原后第2至4日内检测5min短程心率变异性(HRV)、冷加压试验(CPT);于急进高原后第1至5日根据军用标准GJB1098-91《急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则》进行AMS症状学评分,并按急进高原后第1日AMS症状评分将受试新兵分为中重度组、轻度组、基本无反应组及无反应组。 (二)平原不同强度耐力训练对ANS功能影响的研究平原某部72名男性新兵被随机分为现行军体训练组(n=24)、有氧耐力组(n=24)、无氧耐力组(n=24),均进行连续8周训练。训练前、训练第4周末及第8周末,检测受试新兵台阶指数、最大耗氧量(VO_2max)、体力活动能力(PWC_(150))、5000m、50m跑成绩、HRV、CPT及直立倾斜试验(HUTT)。训练前及训练第8周末检测血浆肾上腺素(EPI)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾素活性(PRA)及神经肽Y(NPY)。 (三)训练后模拟急进高原研究不同强度耐力训练结束后第5至8日,随机确定上述三个试验组中43名受试新兵,分三批在我校低压、低氧舱模拟急进海拔4500m高原一日,检测模拟高原后第2h、10h、20h HRV、模拟高原4h后CPT,采集模拟高原24h时血液样本检测血浆NE、EPI、PRA、NPY等。根据《急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则》对受试新兵进行AMS症状学评分,同步进行心理量化评分。结果 (一)平原急进西藏高原现场研究 1.体能改变和AMS发生率 ①与平原时比较,急进高原后第4天折返跑速度、运动后血乳酸浓度均显著降低(P均＜0.01)。 ②AMS以急进高原后第1天为重,其中,中重度反应者9名,轻度反应者33名,基本无反应者50名,无反应者7名。 2.ANS功能变化 ①与平原时比较,急进高原后SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF、HFn均显著降低,LFn、LF/HF、HR均显著增加(P均＜0.01);TP显著下降(P＜0.05)。急进高原CPT中BP、HR的增高幅度均显著降低(P均＜0.01)。 ②AMS症状评分由高至低均伴随平原或高原LFn、LF/HF下降及HFn上升趋势;发生AMS的三组其平原静息SBP均显著高于无反应组(P均＜0.05),其高原静息HR均高于无反应组;平原CPT中,HR的增高幅度越大其AMS症状评分越小,中重度组HR的增高幅度显著低于基本无反应组(P＜0.05);高原CPT中,发生AMS的三组SBP、HR增高幅度均显著低于无反应组(P均＜0.05),DBP增高幅度均低于无反应组,其中轻度组与无反应组间有显著差异(P＜0.05)。 3.相关性分析AMS症状评分与平原时台阶运动后血乳酸浓度负相关(r=0.469,P=0.001);与平原时LF/HF正相关(r=0.437,P=0.00);与平原时CPT中心率增高幅度负相关(r=-0.35,P=0.01)。平原时运动后血乳酸浓度与平原时CPT中HR增高幅度弱相关(r=0.31,P=0.051)。 (二)平原不同强度耐力训练对ANS影响的研究 1.耐力变化有氧耐力组运动中实际心率为145～160bpm,无氧耐力组为170～180bpm,现行军体训练组最大心率则在180bpm以上。与训练前比较,三个试验组50m、3000m跑成绩以及VO_2max、台阶指数、PWC_(150)均随时间显著提高,且至训练第8周末有氧耐力组台阶指数、VO_2max、3000m成绩显著优于现行训练组(P＜0.05或0.01);无氧耐力组台阶指数、50m跑成绩显著优于现行训练组(P＜0.05);PWC_(150)无显著组间差异。 2.ANS功能 ①HRV 1)与训练前比较,训练第4周末仅有氧耐力组PNN_(50)、LF显著增高(P＜0.05),HR显著下降(P＜0.01)。至训练第8周末,三个试验组心率均显著下降(P均＜0.01)有氧耐力组RMSSD、PNN_(50)、HF、SDNN均显著增加、LF显著增高(P均＜0.01),HFn呈增高趋势,而LFn、LF/HF呈下降趋势;现行训练组HFn显著降低、LF、LFn、LF/HF显著增加(P均＜0.05):无氧耐力组上述各指标均无显著变化。 2)训练第8周末,有氧耐力组RMSSD、PNN_(50)、HF、LF、SDNN显著高于另外两组(P＜0.01或0.05);现行训练组HFn显著低于有氧耐力组(P＜0.05),LFn、LF/HF显著高于有氧耐力组(P＜0.05);无氧耐力组LF/HF显著高于有氧耐力组(P＜0.05)。 ②CPT和HUTT 1)与训练前比较,训练第4、8周末三个试验组心率均呈下降趋势、SBP均无显著变化,现行训练组、无氧耐力组DBP呈下降趋势,有氧耐力组DBP显著降低(P＜0.01);CPT中各组SBP、DBP增高幅度无显著变化,但HR增高幅度在现行训练组显著增加(P＜0.05),有氧耐力组微弱增加,无氧耐力组则显著降低(P＜0.05)。训练第8周末无氧耐力组CPT中HR增高幅度显著低于现行训练组和有氧耐力组(P均＜0.05)。 2)训练第8周末现行训练组HUTT阳性例数较训练前增多,但无统计学意义。 3.血液生化指标训练第8周末,与训练前比较,三个试验组血浆NE、NPY浓度均显著下降(P＜0.05或0.01);现行训练组PRA呈增加趋势,有氧耐力组显著下降(P0.05)、无氧耐力组呈下降趋势。有氧、无氧耐力组NE、PRA显著低于现行训练组(P＜0.01); (三)训练后模拟急进高原研究 1.ANS功能 ①HRV模拟急进4500m高原24h内,现行训练组、有氧耐力组RMSSD、PNN50均显著下降,无氧耐力组呈先下降后升高曲线;各组HFn、LFn均呈先下降后升高曲线,其中无氧耐力组HFn自10h丌始升高,另两组则自20h方出现;有氧耐力组LF/HF先下降后增高,无氧耐力组、现行训练组LF/HF则均呈先增高后下降曲线,其中无氧耐力组在10h时即开始回落,20h时基本恢复至模拟高原前状态,而现行训练组LF/HF于20h仍增高;现行训练组、有氧耐力组SDNN、TP显著下降或呈下降趋势,而无氧耐力组则无显著变化。 ②CPT与模拟高原前比较,急进4500m高原4h前述三个试验组静息HR均显著增加(P＜0.01);各组静息SBP无显著变化;无氧耐力组静息DBP显著增加(P＜0.05),现行训练组和有氧耐力组静息DBP呈增加趋势;CPT中现行训练组和有氧耐力组SBP、DBP、HR增高幅度均呈下降趋势,而无氧耐力组SBP、DBP、HR增高幅度则呈相对稳定或增高趋势。 2.血液生化指标与模拟高原前比较,模拟急进4500m高原24h三个试验组血浆NE浓度均显著下降(P＜0.01或0.05),有氧、无氧耐力组血浆NE浓度下降幅度显著小于现行训练组(P＜0.05);与模拟高原前比较,现行训练组、有氧耐力组血浆EPI浓度均显著增加(P均＜0.01),无氧耐力组则无显著变化。现行训练组、无氧耐力组PRA均显著下降(P＜0.01),有氧耐力组呈下降趋势,现行训练组下降幅度显著大于有氧、无氧耐力组(P＜0.01)。现行训练组、有氧耐力组NPY呈下降趋势,而无氧耐力组呈增高趋势。 3.AMS与心理量化评分AMS发病率为100%,AMS症状评分由高到低依次为现行训练组、有氧耐力组、无氧耐力组,且现行训练组显著高于无氧耐力组(P＜0.05);各组间心理量化评分无显著差异,但现行训练组、有氧耐力组AMS症状评分与心理量化评分呈正相关关系(r分别为0.77、0.68,P＜0.01)。 4.相关性分析AMS症状评分与模拟急进高原前NE、PRA、NPY浓度及模拟急进高原前后NE、PRA变化幅度均显著正相关(P＜0.05);与模拟急进高原后10h、20h时LF/HF显著正相关(P＜0.05);与模拟急进高原后10h、20h时SDNN、RMSSD、PNN_(50)、HFn均显著负相关(P＜0.01或0.05)。结论 1.ANS功能在AMS发生、发展中具有重要作用。平原时交感神经活动相对过高者,其对AMS较易感;急进高原1日内交感神经和副交感神经活动受抑制程度较重且交感神经优势持续增高者其AMS症状重。平原或急进高原检测ANS功能有助于预测或诊断AMS。 2.现行军体训练实施中强度接近极限,其相对于规范的有氧、无氧耐力训练对提高训练成绩和耐力素质作用有限,部队军体训练应进行科学、规范、合理的有氧耐力和无氧耐力训练。 3.现行军体训练和有氧耐力训练分别相对增强交感神经活动和副交感神经活动,均降低ANS调节能力,不利于对急进高原环境的习服;无氧耐力训练使交感和副交感神经活动维持相对稳定状态,增强ANS的调节能力,有助于提高急进高原的适应能力。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the effect of different strength endurance training on the function of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the effect of preventing acute plateau response (AMS), and to provide scientific, reasonable training scheme and theoretical basis for plateau combat task force.
Method
(1) a field study of the plain in Tibet Plateau
99 male recruits were airlifted from Sichuan double flow (elevation 560m) to Lhasa (3675m) in Tibet. Test recruits' grip strength, 4 x 10m reentry, step index and blood lactate concentration after step movement were tested fourth days after the plain and high altitude, and 5min short range heart rate variability (HRV) was detected and cold compression test was tested within second to 4 days after the plain and steep plateau. (CPT): first to 5 days after the rapid progress of the plateau, according to the diagnostic and treatment principles of the military standard GJB1098-91< acute plateau response, the AMS symptom score was scored, and the recruits were divided into moderate and severe group, mild group, basic non reaction group and no reaction group according to the first days of AMS symptom score of first days after urgent high altitude.
(two) effect of different intensity endurance training in plain on ANS function
72 male recruits in the plain were randomly divided into current military training group (n=24), aerobic endurance group (n=24) and anaerobic endurance group (n=24) for 8 weeks of training. Before training, training fourth weekend and 8 weekend, test recruits step index, maximum oxygen consumption (VO_2max), physical activity ability (PWC_ (150)), 5000m, 50m running results, HRV, CPT and Head up tilt table test (HUTT). Plasma adrenaline (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), renin activity (PRA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were measured before training and eighth weeks after training.
(three) the study of simulated emergency plateau after training
Fifth to 8 days after the end of different strength endurance training, 43 recruits were randomly selected from the three test groups, three batches in our low pressure, low oxygen cabin simulated high altitude 4500m plateau one day, 2h, 10h, 20h HRV after Simulated Plateau, CPT after Simulated Plateau 4h, and blood samples were collected to detect the plasma NE, EPI, PRA, NPY and so on when the Simulated Plateau 24h was collected. According to the principles of diagnosis and treatment of acute altitude sickness, the AMS symptom scores of the recruits were recruits, and the psychological quantification was scored simultaneously.
Result
(1) a field study of the plain in Tibet Plateau
1. changes in physical energy and the incidence of AMS
(1) compared with plain time, the speed of running back and forth after fourth days of rapid entering the plateau decreased significantly after exercise (P < 0.01).
(2) AMS was the most important factor in first days after rushing into the plateau. Among them, 9 cases were moderately severe, 33 were mild reactions, 50 were basically non responders, and 7 were non responders.
2.ANS function change
(1) compared with the plain, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50, HF, HFn were significantly decreased, LFn, LF/HF, HR were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and TP significantly decreased (P < 0.05).
(2) the AMS symptom score from high to low was accompanied by LFn, LF/HF and HFn rising in plain or plateau, and in the three groups of AMS, the resting SBP was significantly higher than that in the non reactive group (P < 0.05), and the resting HR in the plateau was higher than that in the non reactive group; in plain CPT, the higher the increase of HR, the smaller the AMS symptom score was, and the increased amplitude of the HR in the moderate and severe group. It was lower than the basic non reactive group (P < 0.05); in the plateau CPT, the increase of HR in three groups of SBP in AMS was significantly lower than that in the non reactive group (P < 0.05). The increase of DBP was lower than that in the non reactive group, and there was a significant difference between the mild group and the non reaction group (P < 0.05).
In 3. correlation analysis, the AMS symptom score was negatively correlated with the concentration of blood lactic acid (r=0.469, P=0.001) after the step exercise in the plain. LF/HF was positively correlated with the plain (r=0.437, P=0.00), and was negatively correlated with the increase of CPT center rate (r=-0.35, P=0.01) at the plain (r=-0.35, P=0.01). The concentration of blood lactic acid after the plain movement was weakly correlated with the HR increase of CPT in the plain (r=0.31,).
(two) the effect of different intensity endurance training on ANS in plain
1. change of endurance
The actual heart rate of the aerobic endurance group was 145 ~ 160bpm, the anaerobic endurance group was 170 ~ 180bpm, the maximum heart rate of the current military training group was above 180bpm. Compared with the training before the training, the three test groups, 50m, 3000m run, VO_2max, step index, PWC_ (150) were all improved with time, and the aerobic endurance group step index, V at the training eighth weekend. O_2max, 3000m scores were significantly better than those in the current training group (P < 0.05 or 0.01); the stair index of anaerobic endurance group was significantly better than the current training group (P < 0.05), and PWC_ (150) had no significant differences.
2.ANS function
(1) HRV
1) compared with pre training, the only oxygen endurance group was PNN_ (50), LF significantly increased (P < 0.05), and HR decreased significantly (P < 0.01). To the weekend of training, the heart rate of the three experimental groups decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the aerobic endurance group RMSSD, PNN_ (50), HF and SDNN increased significantly (P < 0.01). In the current training group, HFn decreased significantly, while LF, LFn and LF/HF increased significantly (P < 0.05): there was no significant change in the above indexes of anaerobic endurance group.
2) in the eighth week of training, the aerobic endurance group RMSSD, PNN_ (50), HF, LF, SDNN were significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.01 or 0.05); the current training group was significantly lower than the aerobic endurance group (P < 0.05), LFn, LF/HF significantly higher than the aerobic endurance group (P < 0.05), and the LF/HF significantly higher than the aerobic endurance group (0.05).
(2) CPT and HUTT
1) compared with before training, the heart rate of the three experimental groups in the 4,8 weekend showed a decline trend, and there was no significant change in SBP. In the current training group, the DBP of the anaerobic endurance group decreased and the DBP in the aerobic endurance group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and the SBP in each group of CPT was not significantly changed, but the increase of HR was significantly increased in the current training group (P < 0.05). The aerobic endurance group was slightly increased, and the anaerobic endurance group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The increase of HR in the CPT free endurance group was significantly lower than that of the current training group and the aerobic endurance group (P < 0.05).
2) training for eighth weeks, the number of HUTT positive cases in the current training group increased more than before training, but there was no statistical significance.
3. biochemical indexes of blood
After eighth weeks of training, compared with pre training, the plasma concentration of NE and NPY decreased significantly in the three experimental groups (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The current training group increased the PRA trend, the aerobic endurance group decreased significantly (P0.05), the anaerobic endurance group decreased, and the aerobic and anaerobic endurance group was NE, and PRA was significantly lower than the existing training group (P < 0.01).
(three) the study of simulated emergency plateau after training
1.ANS function
(1) HRV simulated acute 4500m plateau 24h, the current training group, the aerobic endurance group RMSSD, PNN50 decreased significantly, the anaerobic endurance group was first descended and then increased curve, LFn in each group HFn, LFn decreased first and then increased curve, and the anaerobic endurance group HFn from 10h started to rise, the other two groups appeared from 20h, and the aerobic endurance group decreased first and then increased, and oxygen free. In the endurance group, the LF/HF of the current training group increased first and then descended, in which the anaerobic endurance group began to fall down at 10h, and the 20h was basically restored to the state before the Simulated Plateau, while the current training group was still higher in 20h; the current training group was SDNN in the aerobic endurance group, and the TP decreased significantly or decreased, while the anaerobic endurance group had no significant change.
(2) compared with before the Simulated Plateau, the resting HR in the three experimental groups before the 4500m plateau 4H increased significantly (P < 0.01), and there was no significant change in resting SBP in each group; the resting DBP in the anaerobic endurance group increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the resting DBP in the current training group and the aerobic endurance group increased. The present training group and the aerobic endurance group were SBP, DBP, and increased amplitude in the current training group and the aerobic endurance group. All of them showed a decreasing trend, while the SBP, DBP and HR increased in the anaerobic endurance group.
2. compared with the Simulated Plateau before the Simulated Plateau, the plasma NE concentration of the three experimental groups in the simulated 4500m plateau 24h was significantly decreased (P < 0.01 or 0.05). The decrease of plasma NE concentration in the oxygen free endurance group was significantly lower than that of the current training group (P < 0.05). Compared with the Simulated Plateau, the plasma EPI concentration in the aerobic endurance group was significantly higher than that before the Simulated Plateau. The increase (P < 0.01) and anaerobic endurance group had no significant changes. The PRA in the aerobic endurance group decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the current training group (P < 0.01), and the aerobic endurance group showed a downward trend. The current training group was significantly lower than the aerobic and anaerobic endurance group (P < 0.01). The current training group had a decreasing trend in the aerobic endurance group, while the anaerobic endurance group showed an increasing trend. Potential.
The incidence of 3.AMS and AMS was 100%. The AMS symptom score from high to low was in the order of the current training group, the aerobic endurance group and the anaerobic endurance group, and the current training group was significantly higher than the anaerobic endurance group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the psychological quantitative scores among the groups, but the present training group, the AMS symptom score and the psychological quantitative score in the aerobic endurance group. The positive correlation (r was 0.77,0.68, P < 0.01).
4. correlation analysis AMS symptom score was significantly positively correlated with the NE, PRA, NPY concentration and NE and PRA changes before and after the simulated high altitude plateau (P < 0.05), and significantly positive correlation with 10h and 20h (P < 0.05) after the simulated rapid altitude of plateau (P < 0.05). .05).
conclusion
The function of 1.ANS plays an important role in the development of AMS. When the sympathetic nerve activity is relatively high in the plain, it is more susceptible to AMS; the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activity in the plateau is heavier and the sympathetic nerve is increasing in 1 days, and the AMS symptoms are heavy. The detection of ANS function in the plain or the plateau is helpful to the prediction or diagnosis. Break AMS.
2. the strength near the current military body training is close to the limit, its relative to the standard oxygen, the anaerobic endurance training is limited to improve the training performance and endurance quality, and the army body training should carry out scientific, standardized and rational aerobic endurance and anaerobic endurance training.
3. the current military training and aerobic endurance training, respectively, enhance the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the sympathetic nerve and reduce the ANS regulation ability, which is not conducive to the acclimatization to the plateau environment, and the anaerobic endurance training makes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities relatively stable, and strengthens the regulation ability of ANS, and helps to improve the rapid plateau. Adaptability.
【学位授予单位】：第三军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R82

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