诺齐克解决存在之谜的方案探析

发布时间：2017-12-26 19:20

本文关键词：诺齐克解决存在之谜的方案探析　出处：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：'为什么在者在而无不在'这个问题曾被现代著名哲学家海德格尔视为形而上学的基本问题。从古到今,许多哲学家都沿着不同角度,对这一问题进行了回应。而美国当代哲学家诺齐克,把这个问题看成一个涉及我们人类理解限度的问题,并在前人研究基础上,分析、提炼出了三种该问题的可能答案。诺齐克给出的第一个答案是虚无之力的理论,这一理论是继承了海德格尔的无之无化思想。海德格尔曾把无理解为一种对存在者的否定,而诺齐克在这个基础上更进一步,把虚无定义为一种'可以把一切纳入虚无,并使其保持虚无这种状态的力量',这股力量不仅可以对存在进行否定,也可以对无本身进行否定,当无否定了自身之后,'无'便消失了,如此一来,它的对立面'存在'便出现了。这个答案实际上是把无当成一种自然状态,认为所有存在都是从虚无里诞生。但是,对于这个解释,诺齐克自己并不满意,他认为,这个解释会导致一个内容相反但形式相似的问题,就是为什么一无所有而不是有事物存在,为此,诺齐克提出了自己解释学理论的两个基本立场:一个是自我包含理论,即一个能够解释一切的原则必须是可以解释自身,并且可以通过自身内容推导出来的真命题;另一个是平等主义立场,即我们必须排除一切不平等的假设前提,排除自然状态这种预设。在这个立场的指引下,诺齐克先是给出了一种对这个问题的概率学解释,继而又更进一步提出多产性原则,认为不同可能性将在不同可能世界中分别实现出来,而虚无,也是作为无数可能性之一。诺齐克的第三个解释是神秘主义的解释,在这个解释里,世界的原初状态是一种超越存在和不存在,无法用谓词表达的状态,通过把世界的原始状态看成一种绝对超越的状态,来消解这一问题。本文将对诺齐克这三条线路一一进行梳理、评价,同时,分析其各自的优劣与不足。
[Abstract]:The question of 'why in the person is in' is the basic question of metaphysics, which has been considered by the modern famous philosopher Heidegger. Since ancient times, many philosophers all along different angles on this issue for a response. Nozick, a contemporary American philosopher, regards this problem as a question that concerns our understanding of human beings. On the basis of previous studies, three possible answers to this question are analyzed and abstracted. The first answer given by Nozick is the theory of the power of nihility, which inherits the thought of Heidegger's absence. Heidegger had no understanding of the existence of a negative, and Nozick on the basis of further, the nihility is defined as a 'can put it all into nothingness, and keep nothing this state power, this power can not only exist in the negative, can no deny itself no, when denied themselves,' no 'disappeared, so it's the opposite of' presence 'emerged. The answer is, in fact, not as a state of nature, and that all existence is born from nothingness. However, for this explanation, Nozick himself was not satisfied, he believes that this interpretation leads to a contrary but similar question is why nothing but not anything exist, therefore, Nozick put forward the two basic position of their own theory of Hermeneutics: a self-contained theory, namely a can explain all principle must be interpreted by itself, and can be derived from the true proposition of its contents; the other is egalitarian position, we must exclude all unequal assumptions, excluding the default state of nature. Under the guidance of this position, Nozick first gave a probabilistic interpretation of the problem, and then further put forward the principle of prolificacy. He thought that different possibilities would be realized in different possible worlds, and nihility is also one of the numerous possibilities. Nozick's third interpretation is mystical interpretation. In this interpretation, the original state of the world is a state beyond existence and non existence, which can not be expressed in predicates. This problem is solved by taking the original state of the world as a state of absolute transcendence. This article will sort out and evaluate the three lines of Nozick, at the same time, analyze their respective advantages and disadvantages.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B089

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