绿色发展视野下的自然价值建构研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:34

本文关键词：绿色发展视野下的自然价值建构研究　出处：《中共中央党校》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 绿色发展 自然价值 整体论 价值论

【摘要】：价值观是价值哲学思考的一个重要问题,它涉及到对人、自然、社会的关系,价值哲学已经从单纯的理论价值研究走向实践结合的生活价值研究。历史表明,价值问题与人类所处的现实最为密切,它涵盖人们生活的道德、政治、宗教、审美等领域,接下来本文中主要探讨有关自然价值的价值哲学。自然价值是一个较新的话题,却是非常古老的命题。自然价值最早蕴含在古希腊的有机自然观中,特别是柏拉图和亚里士多德的自然伦理中,在芝诺等人的斯多葛学派中也有体现;中国的庄子智慧、佛学思想中均体现了自然价值。但是随着价值哲学的演进发展,出现了主客体的对立的价值区分,造成许多人认为自然不能作为认识主体进行价值判断,因而不存在自然价值。在培根的科学知识与道德知识的两分影响下自然价值发生了一系列变化:即自然内在价值被忽略,自然价值逐渐被单一化为一种对人实用的自然工具价值。以上可以被视为传统的自然价值论,其渊源可以追溯到培根和笛卡尔时代的价值观念的转变,例如笛卡尔哲学基础上价值的主客二分。然而,随着历史的不断发展,自然价值在新的有机论、自然主义者的观念、环境保护者的批判中逐步显现。西方价值哲学经历了规范价值——元价值——规范与德性价值的问题转变,自然价值从被传统元价值批判到逐渐被人们接受存在一个过程,这个过程伴随着中国绿色发展、价值哲学转向从而变得更加迅速。绿色发展不仅仅是经济方式的变革,它本身体现为一种价值选择。绿色发展的新视角体现了对价值主客二分的消解,体现了对人与自然和谐的整体论的把握。绿色发展作为最时新的哲学,它体现出了现代价值哲学的两个转向,即生态转向、实践转向。绿色发展是追求生态整体主义的发展,绿色发展在中国是一种全新的实践。一直以来,国内外自然价值的学界争论,主要是围绕价值主体合理性的争论,我认为这个争论最后会在价值观革命中消解。现实中更重要的问题是,如何将这种价值与存在哲学结合起来,构建出自己的价值体系。本文研究沿着两条线,一条是历史的外在脉络,还有一条是哲学思想变化的内在脉络。第一个脉络可以简述为自然价值思想史,第二个脉络是主体性问题和休谟难题。论文的第一章将对传统价值观念下自然价值问题的争议状态进行阐述;第二章分析传统价值观下自然价值出现理论问题的原因及后果;第三章论述传统价值观终结时的外在表现;第四章阐述了自然价值出现的转型与变革:自然价值在矛盾中、两种价值对抗冲突中寻找新路径,逐渐由主客二分走向整体论;第五章为绿色发展的理论基础;第六章在绿色发展的视野重新建构自然价值,第七章是自然价值的四重结构。本文对自然价值的重新建构建立在价值哲学的存在论、认识论、价值论三个方面。首先,自然价值其本身是内在价值与工具价值的统一,同时也体现了存在事实与自然价值的统一关系。其次,在认识论上,我们急需的也是最根本的转变,是价值研究思路的转变。我们应走出主体性思维的桎梏,避免一味强调主客体的对立关系;而是从自然存在的视角探讨自然价值问题,从对人类现实社会的意义视角探讨自然价值问题。最后,我们在解决自然价值问题时应当以整体性和实践性为导向,将其置于时代的背景下运用历史唯物主义的眼光看待这个问题,得出绿色发展视野下的自然价值是一种人类认知与人类实践的有机统一的结论,这种统一在自然价值的价值内部结构中将得到体现。自然价值的内部结构设立为四个方面的主要内容。第一,自然与人的逻辑关系:自然包含人,因为自然产生人类心智。自然与人属于包含与被包含的关系,而不是截然对立的关系。第二,自然价值与人类价值并行不悖,二者在事实上成为同一整体中的两个部分,存在着辩证的逻辑,这一逻辑在人的个体性需要和群体性需要的关系中得以展现。第三,自然价值对人类思维存在导向作用,在自然价值的研究中人类思维从实体思维走向整体思维,从主客二分走向实践思维。第四,自然价值研究对现代社会中的城镇化实践起到了重要的指引作用,自然的多样性价值指引人类从物质享受向精神享受方面转变,与自然融为一体并追寻大自然的智慧;自然的审美价值则要求我们在乡村建设中注重城市文脉的传承;自然的科学价值要求我们避免追随农村工业化的脚步,留得住乡愁、守得住美景。本文主要采用文本分析、哲学思辨的研究方法。对已有的自然价值相关的哲学著作及观点的文本收集和解读,并且对与此博士论文相关的哲学论著进行思辨分析。本文将自然价值回归带入公众的视野,本文的创新点在于重构自然价值新体系,本文从理论上探索出当代哲学发展、价值哲学发展、科学哲学发展中的新变化,并且这些哲学思想上的新变化证明绿色发展路径的可靠性。进而将人类的价值思维从主客二分带向整体论的价值哲学,从纯粹的元价值哲学批判带向实践的价值哲学。
[Abstract]:Value is an important problem of value philosophy. It involves the relationship between human, nature and society. Value philosophy has been studied from the theory of pure value to the practice of combining life value. History shows that the problem of value is most closely related to the reality of mankind. It covers the fields of morality, politics, religion and aesthetics in people's lives. Next, this article mainly discusses the value philosophy of natural value. Natural value is a new topic, but it is a very old proposition. The earliest natural value contained in ancient Greek organic view of nature, especially the natural ethics of Platon and Aristotle, Zeno et al in the Stoics have reflected the wisdom of Chuang-tzu, China; Buddhism in all embody the value of nature. But with the development of value philosophy, there is a distinction between opposites of the subject and object. Many people believe that nature can not be used as a cognitive subject for value judgement, so there is no natural value. Under the influence of Bacon's scientific knowledge and moral knowledge, there are a series of changes in natural value: that is, the intrinsic value of nature is neglected, and the natural value is gradually reduced to a practical natural tool value. The above can be regarded as the traditional natural value theory. Its origin can be traced back to the transformation of values in the era of Bacon and Descartes, for example, the two points of value and subjective and objective based on Descartes's philosophy. However, with the continuous development of history, the natural value has gradually emerged in the criticism of the new organic theory, the concept of naturalists, and the environmental protector. Western philosophy of value has changed -- yuan standard value value -- norm and virtue value, natural value from traditional value criticism to gradually accepted the existence of a process, this process is accompanied by the China green development, value philosophy to steer more quickly. Green development is not only a change in the economic way, but itself as a kind of value choice. The new perspective of green development reflects the elimination of the two points of the value of the subject and the guest, and embodies the grasp of the holism of harmony between man and nature. As the latest development of the green philosophy, it reflects the two turn of modern philosophy of value, namely ecological turning, turn to practice. Green development is the pursuit of the development of ecological holism, and green development is a new practice in China. For a long time, the academic debate on natural value at home and abroad is mainly about the debate about the rationality of value subjects. I think this debate will finally be dispelled in the value revolution. The more important problem in reality is how to combine this value with the philosophy of existence and build up its own value system. This article studies along two lines, one is the external context of history, and one is the inner vein of the change of philosophy. The first context can be described as a history of natural value thought. The second context is the subject matter and the Hume problem. The first chapter of the natural value of traditional values under dispute are elaborated; the second chapter is the analysis of the traditional values of natural causes and consequences of the theory of value; the third chapter discusses the manifestation of traditional values at the end; the fourth chapter describes the natural transformation and change of value: the value of nature in the contradiction and two kinds of looking for a new path of the value conflict, gradually from subjective and objective two towards the whole theory; the fifth chapter is the theoretical basis of green development; the sixth chapter re construction of natural value in green development perspective, the seventh chapter is the four structure of natural value. The re construction of the natural value is established in three aspects of the existentialism, the epistemology and the theory of value of the philosophy of value. First of all, the natural value itself is the unity of the intrinsic value and the tool value, and it also embodies the unity of the existence of the fact and the natural value. Secondly, in epistemology, what we need is the most fundamental change, which is the change of the thought of value research. We should get rid of the shackles of the subjective thinking, avoid emphasizing the antagonistic relationship between the subject and object, but explore the natural value from the perspective of natural existence, and discuss the natural value from the perspective of the meaning of human reality. Finally, we solve the problem of natural value should be as a whole and practice oriented, the era background using the historical materialism view of this problem, the vision of green development under the natural value is a kind of human cognition and human practice is a unified conclusion, this unity in nature the value of the internal structure of. The internal structure of the natural value is set up as the main content of the four aspects. First, the logical relationship between nature and man: nature contains human, because nature produces the human mind. Nature and man belong to the relationship that is contained and included, not the opposite. Second, natural value and human value of two two run parallel, become part of the same whole in fact, there is a dialectical logic, this logic is able to show the individual needs and community relationship needs. Third, natural value plays a guiding role in human thinking. In the study of natural value, human thinking moves from entity thinking to holistic thinking, from subjective and objective two points to practical thinking. Fourth, the value of nature to study an important role of guidance to the practice of urbanization in the modern society, the diversity of nature and human value guidance from the material to enjoy the spiritual enjoyment of change, blend with the natural and pursue the wisdom of nature; aesthetic value of nature is our need in rural construction should pay attention to the city heritage context; the natural science value requires us to avoid following the rural industrialization pace, retain nostalgia, defensible beauty. This article mainly uses text analysis and philosophical speculation.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B018

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