朱熹论“君子”之判别——围绕《论语》“视其所以”章展开的分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:49

本文关键词：朱熹论“君子”之判别——围绕《论语》“视其所以”章展开的分析　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：《论语·为政》"视其所以"章没有直接提及"君子",历代《论语》的重要注家也不以此章关涉"君子",而以之关涉"察人法"。唯有朱子以此章关涉"君子",视此章所说的"所以"、"所由"、"所安"为判别人(包括他人与自己)是否为"君子"的三个标准。"所以"指"所为",行为的善与不善可以作为初步的判别标准;"所由"指"意之所从来",行为背后的意念或动机是否纯善,可以作为进一步的判别标准;"所安"即是"所乐",以行善为乐、以善念为乐,这是更进一步的判别标准。由"所以"至"所由"再至"所安"为递进关系,由表及里,直至人心隐微处。"所安"("所乐")这一标准更为重要,其关乎行善的连续性与持久性。而在判别"君子"的活动中,"判别者"很重要,须做工夫涵养自己。朱子对此章的阐述,既从理论上进行了详细阐发,又举有生动的例子进行切当说明,同时融入了他的"心性论"、"工夫论"内容,打上了理学的烙印。
[Abstract]:In the Analects of Confucius, the "so" chapter did not directly mention "gentlemen". The important commentators in the Analects of Confucius did not relate to "gentlemen" in this chapter, but related to "observing people's law". Only Zhu Xi is concerned with "gentlemen" in this chapter. According to this chapter, "so", "by" and "by" are three criteria for judging others (including others and themselves) as "gentlemen". "So" means "to", the good and bad behavior can be used as a preliminary criterion; "by" means "meaning that never" behind the behavior intention or motive is pure, can be used as a criterion for further; "security" is the "joy", to do good for music, good music, this is a further criterion. By "so" to "by" to "security" as a progressive relationship, until the people from the outside to the inside, quiet place. This standard is more important than the continuity and persistence of doing good. In judging the activities of the "gentleman", "the discriminant" is very important, so it is necessary to do the work to cultivate himself. Zhu Xi this chapter, both in theory and in detail analysis, and give a vivid example of the exact instructions, at the same time into his "disposition theory" and "theory of time", hit the mark of science.
【作者单位】：浙江大学人文学院;
【分类号】：B244.7;B82
【正文快照】： 在朱子浩瀚的著作中没有专门论“君子”之作,但这并不表示朱子不讨论“君子”。实际上,朱子不仅论“君子”,并且所论有其特色。对此,学人们似乎没有给予应有的关注与阐发(1)。本文将围绕朱子对《论语·为政》“视其所以”章的注解,来侧重分析朱子论如何判别一个人为“君子”。

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