黑格尔青年时期逻辑学与形而上学思想发展研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 22:04

  本文关键词：黑格尔青年时期逻辑学与形而上学思想发展研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 逻辑学 形而上学 生命 绝对精神 辩证法 认识

【摘要】：思辨逻辑学是逻辑学与本体论的合一。它在黑格尔思想体系中占据核心地位,一直受到学界的重视。作为一种独创性理论,思辨逻辑学在黑格尔思想生涯中拥有漫长的形成过程。如果我们不对它的形成过程有所了解就很难理解思辨逻辑学。实际上,思辨逻辑学在形成之前分为逻辑学与形而上学两个部分。它的形成表现为逻辑学与形而上学的合流过程。两者虽然作为独立的部分,但它们在不同时期呈现出不同特点,这些特点促使两者逐步靠近,形成越来越密切的关系。因此,本文通过探讨逻辑学与形而上学在黑格尔青年时期不同阶段的发展特点以及两者的具体关系,来揭示两者具有逐步合流的发展趋势。本文把逻辑学与形而上学思想的发展划分为三个阶段,分别对应论文主体的三个部分:“第一章前耶拿时期:对立状态”。在这一阶段,逻辑学与形而上学在对立状态中发展。黑格尔一方面拒斥逻辑学,一方面发展形而上学。黑格尔的一元论信念奠定了他对形而上学的不懈追求,因此黑格尔坚持发展形而上学。黑格尔拒斥逻辑学的原因在于,他所了解的逻辑学仅仅限于形式逻辑,而形式逻辑与他的一元论思想具有冲突性。形式逻辑的知性特征导致反思哲学在内的理论方式无法达到对形而上学对象的真正认识。因此,黑格尔的形而上学理论的发展则以宗教实践为出发点,他从宗教理论中发掘了爱和生命的思想,相继建立爱和生命的形而上学。爱由于具有主观性无法克服现实矛盾,被生命形而上学超越。生命理论作为客观理论又促使黑格尔从实践方向向理论方向过渡,为随后建立哲学体系做了准备。此外,逻辑学与形而上学的对立性关系在方法方面体现为辩证法的萌芽。“第二章耶拿早期:初步联合”。逻辑学与形而上学的初步联合首先表现为:黑格尔进入耶拿大学后开设了逻辑学与形而上学课程,同时把两者作为哲学体系的第一部分展开建构。两者从对立状态到初步联合的首要前提是对逻辑学进行改造,而改造逻辑学的动机来自当时以莱茵荷尔德为代表的逻辑学理论发展状况对黑格尔的激发。从逻辑学与形而上学实现联合的总体构思来看,黑格尔意图通过逻辑学实现对知性的消除,由此过渡到理性,也即形而上学领域。因此逻辑学在功能上也就成为形而上学的导论。逻辑学方面,黑格尔部分参照了康德逻辑学来建构自己的逻辑学框架要素,通过对普通逻辑的知性特征进行批判,最终达到“理性的否定方面”,就确立了逻辑学作为批判的逻辑学的性质。黑格尔的形而上学理论,在生命原则的基础上,以发掘哲学史中的思辨形而上学资源为主线,与斯宾诺莎形而上学思想相类似,因此具有旧形而上学的特征。伴随着逻辑学与形而上学的发展,辩证法思想也仅仅是有所推进。以上各方面都表明两者的联合仅仅是一个初步的联合。“第三章耶拿后期:深度联合”。逻辑学与形而上学深度联合的契机表现为黑格尔开始解决一个根本性的问题:认识。黑格尔从康德、费希特哲学那里发现意识活动原理的理论价值,发现认识具有本体论特征,因而以认识为主题重新对逻辑学与形而上学进行建构。在逻辑学改造方面,逻辑学的框架和要素在耶拿早期逻辑学的基础上得到了突破性的深化和扩展。逻辑学通过各逻辑环节来构造认识的要素,最终达到绝对无限的认识,因而逻辑学在性质上就是构造的逻辑学。在形而上学方面,黑格尔确立了绝对精神作为最高的理念;通过把认识本体化,这一时期的形而上学超越了自生命思想以来的客体性形而上学而成为主体性形而上学。由于逻辑学确立无限认识的形式,形而上学确立无限认识的本体,因此逻辑学在功能上成为形而上学的基础,这比前一阶段逻辑学的导论功能更加具有必要性。在方法上,逻辑学与形而上学的深度联合还体现为辩证法的确立。总之,逻辑学与形而上学的全面创新性发展促使两者实现了深度联合。通过以上三个发展阶段得出:思辨逻辑学作为逻辑学与本体论的合一,在黑格尔青年时期体现为逻辑学与形而上学两部分内容逐步发展的过程,而两者在关系上从对立状态到初步联合再到深度联合,就展现了趋向融合的发展态势。
[Abstract]:Speculative logic is the logic and ontology integration. It occupies the core position in the system of Hagel thought, has attracted the attention of the academia. As a unique theory, has formed a long process of speculative logic in Hagel thought in life. If we don't understand it's forming process it is difficult to understand the speculative logic in fact, speculative logic is divided into two parts in logic and metaphysics. Formed before the formation of combined process is the logic and metaphysics of it. Although both as an independent part, but they also have different characteristics, these characteristics make them gradually close, forming a closer relationship. Therefore, this paper the specific relationship between logic and metaphysics development characteristics of different stages and two in the Hagel youth, they have gradually revealed The development trend of the development step. The confluence of logic and Metaphysics Thought is divided into three stages, three parts corresponding to the main body of the thesis: the first chapter: the former Jena opposition state. At this stage, the development of logic and metaphysics in the opposite state. On the one hand Hagel rejects logic, a development of metaphysics Hagel laid the relentless pursuit of monism belief metaphysics he, therefore Hagel adhere to the development of metaphysics. Because Hagel rejects logic, he understood the logic only form of logic and formal logic and his theory has a conflict. Intellectual character of formal logic in theory, philosophical reflection cannot reach the real understanding of the object of metaphysics. Therefore, the development of Hagel's theory of metaphysics is to practice a religion The point, he discovered the love for life and thought from the theory of religion, love and life have been established. Because love is subjective metaphysics cannot overcome the contradictions in reality, is life beyond life. Metaphysics theory as the objective theory and practice from the direction of the theory prompted Hagel to prepare for the transition, then establish a system of philosophy. In addition the relationship between opposites, logic and metaphysics embodied dialectics in budding method. "In the early second chapter of Jena: a preliminary combination of logic and metaphysics. The preliminary joint performance for the first: Hagel entered Jena University opened the course of logic and metaphysics, and both of them as the first part of philosophy system construction. Both from the start opposite state to the premise of the preliminary joint is to reconstruct the logic, and the logic transformation of the motivation comes from the then Rhine charge He is the representative of the logic development of theory of excitation of Hagel. From the logic and metaphysics to realize overall conception combined, through the elimination of intellectual Hagel logic implementation intentions, thus the transition to rational, i.e. the realm of metaphysics. Therefore logic in function becomes metaphysical. Introduction to logic, Hagel part according to Kant to construct the logic framework of logic elements in their criticism, through understanding characteristics of common logic, and finally to "negative" rational, established the logic nature as critique of logic. Hagel's theory of metaphysics, based on the principles of life, to explore resources of speculative metaphysics in the history of philosophy as the main line, similar to Spinoza s metaphysics, it has characteristics of old metaphysics with logic and. Metaphysical development, dialectics is only somewhat forward. These areas can show that the joint is only a preliminary combination. The third chapter Jena late: the depth of the joint. The opportunity of logic and metaphysics depthunion performance for Hagel began to solve a fundamental problem: understanding Hagel from Kant. The philosophy of Fichte found theoretical value consciousness principle, that understanding has the characteristics of ontology, and thus to understand the theme of logic and metaphysics construction. In logic transformation, logic framework and elements of the deepening and expansion of a breakthrough in Jena early on. Through the logic logic elements of each logical link to construct knowledge, and ultimately achieve absolute infinite knowledge, and logic structure is in the nature of the party in the metaphysical logic. Hagel, established the absolute spirit as the highest principle; the knowledge ontology, this period of metaphysics beyond the self life thought since the object of metaphysics and become the subject of metaphysics. Because the establishment of infinite knowledge logic, metaphysics establish infinite understanding of ontology, so the logic has become the basis of metaphysics in function this is necessary, more than the previous stage of the introduction of functional logic. In the method, logic and metaphysics of the depth of the joint is also reflected in the establishment of dialectical logic science. In short, the development of innovative and comprehensive metaphysics makes them realize the depth of the joint. Through the above three stages of development: the speculative logic as logic and ontology integration, process reflects the gradual development of logic and metaphysics of the two part in Hagel's youth And both in relation to the relationship from the state of opposites to the initial Union and then to the depth of the combination, it shows the trend of trend integration.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B516.35
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本文编号：1361640