近代社会思潮演进格局下的船山学研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 05:16

  本文关键词：近代社会思潮演进格局下的船山学研究　出处：《湖南大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 王船山 船山学 近代社会思潮

【摘要】：王船山,即王夫之(1619—1692),字而农,号姜斋,世称船山先生。是明末清初杰出的思想家,与顾炎武、黄宗羲并称为明末清初三大儒。基于明朝灭亡的残酷教训,王船山以“六经责我开生面”的创新精神和“七尺从天乞活埋”的悲壮情怀,对中国古代的思想文化,尤其是哲学进行了总结性的研究。王船山一生著述丰富,体系庞大,他的著作现今大部分收录在《船山全书》中,后人对他的生平事迹、交友活动、学术思想、政治主张等各方面都相继开展了一系列的考证和研究,学界将这一类的学术性研究泛称为“船山学”。王船山继承和发展了我国古代著名思想家王充、张载等人的理论,对传统文化尤其是理学进行了中肯的批判、修正和总结,称得上是宋明理学的终结者和中国古代哲学发展的最高峰。但是相比顾炎武、黄宗羲等其他明末清初学者的研究,近代以前,对王船山的研究没有引起学术界的足够重视,船山学的传播范围也相对狭窄得多,直至到了19世纪中晚期,由湖南开始才出现了一股波及全国的研习船山学的热潮。而且可以明显的发现,近代船山学研究的发展与近代中国许多社会思潮的产生相伴相随。在近代几次影响较大的社会思潮中,都可以发现王船山学术思想活跃的踪迹。理学经世思潮兴盛时,主张治学和为政都要关注社会、要讲求实效的曾国藩、郭嵩焘、彭玉麟等理学经世派将王船山视为儒学道统的传承者,积极弘扬船山学理学经世的主张和见解；维新思潮兴起后,倡导民权、抨击专制的维新人士梁启超、谭嗣同、唐才常等则积极肯定王船山趋势更新的发展观和变革理念,积极为社会改良运动造势；民主革命思潮发展起来后,主张民族革命、弘扬国粹的辛亥革命志士章太炎、章士钊、刘人熙等大力宣扬王船山的民族主义思想,积极适应革命排满的需要；及至现代新儒学思潮产生后,主张以民族文化为本位,积极复兴儒学的熊十力、钱穆、贺麟等现代新儒家,积极借鉴船山学来构建适合近代社会发展的的哲学体系；而到了马克思主义思潮兴起后,嵇文辅、侯外庐、张岱年等学者又努力挖掘和弘扬了船山学里蕴含的唯物史观和辩证法思想。上面提及的这些学者们身处不同地域,来自不同的社会阶层,其学术观点、政治见解也各有千秋,但他们均能够将王船山视为自己的同道或益友,积极从船山学中汲取养料,为他们倡导的社会改良运动或革命运动提供理论支持。在这些仁人志士们的学术思想中或人格情操里.都或多或少可以发现受船山学影响的痕迹,船山学受到近代如此多的学者的青睐,这是一个十分值得探讨和研究的事情。同时船山学发展、演变的过程,恰好还吻合了近代中国主流社会思潮的发展,而且彼此之间还有着密切的联系和互动,因此本文即以船山学与中国近代社会思潮的发展关系为研究对象,通过二者之间的互动,认识到历次社会思潮的兴起,不仅丰富了船山学的内容,也推动了船山学的发展,更加有利于船山学较好地实现了从传统文化向近代文化的过渡和转型,但同时船山学也积极地促进了近代社会思潮的活跃,并且还为近代的社会改良运动和革命运动提供了有力理论支持,推动了中国社会的近代化转型从学术思想方面做出来贡献。因此本文把近代的船山学研究作为近代中国社会思潮研究的个案,试图通过剖析这一阶段船山学发展嬗变向度和转型机制,来透显近代社会各主要思潮产生、兴盛和衰老的过程,以及进一步探究在面临西方文化渗透的情况下,近代知识群体在寻求中华民族复兴的道路上,对中西文明所做的沟通和融合,并力图揭示作为传统文化精粹之一的船山学,曾经给予了近代国人救亡图存的精神动力,今天在中华民族崛起的道路上,我们仍然可以继续弘扬船山的精神,坚持走自己的路,努力建设有中国特色的社会主义思想文化体系。
[Abstract]:Wang Chuanshan, Wang Fuzhi (1619 - 1692), and agriculture, No. Jiang Zhai, said the world is. Chuanshan's outstanding thinker in early Qing Dynasty, Ming and Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi was known as the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty three intellectuals. Based on lessons from the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Chuanshan to "six responsible for my special" spirit of innovation and "seven feet from the day for the tragic feelings of buried China thoughts of ancient culture, especially the philosophy summarized in the study. His prolific writer system is huge, his works included in the" most Chuanshan ", the descendants of his life story, dating activities, academic thoughts, all aspects of politics etc. have carried out a series of research and study, the academic general academic research such as" Chuanshan ". His inheritance and development of the famous thinker in ancient China Wang Chong, Zhang Zai's theory of traditional culture Especially the science of pertinent criticism, correction and summary, it is the highest peak of the Neo Confucianism and ancient philosophy China terminator development. But compared with Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, and other scholars of the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty before the modern times, the study of Wang Chuanshan did not attract enough attention in the academic circle, Chuanshanlogy spread is relatively much more narrow, until the late nineteenth Century, Hunan began to appear by a spread across the study Chuanshanlogy boom. But obviously, many social trend of development of modern science and modern Chuanshan in China have accompanied several times. In modern times influence social thoughts that can be found in Wang Chuanshan's academic thought is active traces of the Neo Confucian thoughts of prosperity, academic and political advocates to pay more attention to practical society, Zeng Guofan, Guo Songtao, Peng Yulin etc. The Jingshi faction will be regarded as his Confucian orthodoxy heritage, and actively promote the Chuanshan Neo Confucian ideas and opinions; the rise of the trend of reform, civil rights advocacy, Liang Qichao, criticized the autocratic reformers such as Tang Caichang Tan Sitong, is a positive development trend of the concept of change and renewal of Wang Chuanshan's philosophy, positive for social improvement campaign; democratic revolutionary thoughts developed, advocating national revolution, promote the quintessence of the 1911 Revolution Chester Zhang Taiyan, Zhang Shizhao, Liu Renxi, Wang Chuanshan vigorously promote nationalism, actively adapt to the revolution full; and modern Neo Confucianism after, advocated by national culture as the standard, to the Renaissance of Confucianism Xiong. Qian Muwei, He Lin and other modern Neo Confucianism, actively learn to construct the philosophy system suitable for the development of modern society's; but Marx thought after the rise, Ji Wenfu, Hou Wailu, Zhang Dainian and other scholars and strive to tap and carry forward the Chuanshanlogy contains historical materialism and dialectics. These scholars mentioned above are in different regions, from different sectors of society, the academic point of view, the political views but they are able to each one has its own merits, Wang Chuanshan as their colleagues or friends actively, draw nourishment from the Chuanshan, provide theoretical support for their advocacy of the social reform movement or revolutionary movement. These are men and women with high ideals in academic thought or personal sentiment. More or less can be found by the influence of Chuanshanlogy traces of Chuanshanlogy so much by modern scholars of all ages, this is a very worthwhile to investigate and study the matter. At the same time Chuanshanlogy development, evolution process, is also consistent with the development of the mainstream social thoughts in modern Chinese, but also between closely The contact and interaction, so this paper is to study the development relationship between Chuanshan and modern social thoughts Chinese as the research object, through the interaction between the two, recognizing the rise of previous social trends, not only enrich the Chuanshanlogy content, but also promoted the development of Chuanshanlogy, more favorable to Chuanshanlogy realized from the traditional culture to modern cultural transition and transformation, but also actively promote the Chuanshan modern social thoughts active, and also for the modern social reform movement provides a strong theoretical support, promote social China modernization from the academic thought made contribution. So the modern Chuanshanlogy as a case study of modern China social thought, by analyzing this stage Chuanshanlogy evolution mechanism transformation to modern society and to the permeability significantly the main thoughts, The process of prosperity and aging, and to further explore in the face of Western cultural infiltration under the condition of modern intellectual groups in seeking the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on the road to do the communication and integration of Chinese and Western civilization, and tries to reveal the essence of traditional culture as one of the Chuanshan, once given the spirit of Chinese modern national power. Today in the rise of the Chinese nation on the road, we can still continue to carry forward the spirit of Chuanshan, stick to their own way, and strive to build a Chinese socialist ideological and cultural system.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B249.2
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本文编号：1377210