奥古斯丁历史观研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 21:39

本文关键词：奥古斯丁历史观研究　出处：《江西师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 奥古斯丁 历史观 时间观 自由意志

【摘要】：历史观或者社会历史观,是人们对社会历史的总的看法和根本观点,它是哲学的组成部分,但是哲学与历史观的产生并不同步。在古希腊时期,并不存在作为哲学的历史观,因为古希腊哲学所探讨的核心问题是世界的本原和原因,而现象世界变动不居,作为探讨现象世界事件的历史学就在哲学视域之外。但是随着基督教的兴起,基督教教义与古希腊哲学的矛盾日益凸显,这一矛盾最终表现为基督教上帝论与古希腊哲学本原论、存在论的矛盾,而解决矛盾的契机,则在于变革古希腊的时间观,这一变革是由奥古斯丁完成的。古希腊时间观认为时间是运动变化的原因、是自在的物理时间流。奥古斯丁则认为运动变化是时间的原因,时间是上帝创造的、是心灵(思想)的伸展。进一步,奥古斯丁通过对古希腊的时间观变革的一个方面——时间的受造性;将现象世界与本原(本体)世界的隔阂打破,认为现象世界的根据来源于上帝,由上帝的至真指示现象世界的真实,使得现象世界的历史成为哲学可以认识的对象,进而开创了哲学化的历史观。奥古斯丁对古希腊时间观变革的另一重要方面——时间心灵化,使得人的自由意志活动通过心灵伸展为时间这一过程,进入哲学化历史观的视野,从而使得奥古斯丁历史观具有自由意志论的色彩。在上述基础上,奥古斯丁在《忏悔录》第十一卷的第二十八章中,提出了自己历史观的总纲:人们的活动不过是人生的一部分,那么对整个人生也是如此;人生不过是人类整个历史的一部分,则整个人类史又何尝不是如此。从奥古斯丁历史观的主要内容来看,可概括为四个方面,即历史起源论、历史动力论、历史结构论以及历史目的论。因为奥古斯丁认为历史起源于自由意志下的善恶分野,因此在其历史观的内容中又隐含了伦理属性。奥古斯丁历史观的特点,主要表现为线性历史观念、世界历史观念、自由历史观念、预定论历史观念,在这之中,自由历史观念与预定论历史观念产生了矛盾,而这一矛盾构成了解构奥古斯丁历史观的神学形式的内核,从而本文将自由与预定论的矛盾看作奥古斯丁历史观的辩证结构,进一步认为奥古斯丁历史观的人文内核就是将人类历史看作人类自由与有限矛盾发展的辩证过程。奥古斯丁历史观作为历史哲学与历史神学两者共同的先声,对西方哲学史和西方神学都具有重要的影响。
[Abstract]:View of history or social history, social history is one of the general views and the fundamental point of view, it is a part of philosophy, but philosophy and history have not synchronized. In ancient Greece, does not exist as a philosophical view of history, since ancient Greek philosophy is the core problem for the origin and cause of in the world, and the world as a phenomenon of unsettled phenomenon, world events in the history of philosophy horizon. But with the rise of Christianity, the contradiction between Christianity and the ancient Greek philosophy has become increasingly prominent, the contradiction between the final form of primitive Christian doctrine of God and the ancient Greek philosophy, the existence of contradictions, and solve the contradiction between the opportunity in ancient Greece, change the concept of time, this transformation is accomplished by Augustin. The ancient Greek concept of time that time is moving, is a free flow of physical time. Augustin believes that the movement is time, time is the God of creation, is the mind (thought) stretching. Further, Augustin through the transformation of the Greek concept of time - a time of creation; will the phenomenon world and the primitive world (ontology) barriers to break, think the phenomenon of the world according to sources from God, by God to the true phenomenon of the real world, the phenomenon of the history of the world become the object of philosophy can be recognized, and then create a philosophical view of history. Another important aspect of Augustin transformation of the ancient Greek concept of time - time spirit, so that the free will of human activities through the extension of mind for this time, in the view of philosophy of history, which makes Augustin's view of history has libertarian color. On the basis of the above, Augustin in < confessions > eleventh The volume of the twenty-eighth chapter, puts forward his own view of history: general people's activity is just a part of life, it is true for the whole life; life is but a part of the whole human history, the whole human history too. The main content of Augustin's view of history from the point of view, can be divided into four aspects of historical origin, historical power theory, historical structure theory and historical teleology. Because Augustin thought of good and evil, historical origin in free will, therefore, in his view of history in the content but also implied the ethics attribute. The characteristics of Augustin's view of history, mainly for the concept of linear history, the conception of world history. The history of freedom concept, predestination historical concept, in this free, historical concept and predestination historical concept is a contradiction, but this contradiction constitutes the deconstruction of Augustin's view of history of Theology This paper will thus form the core structure of dialectical contradiction between freedom and predestination as Augustin's view of history, further believes that Augustin's view of history is the dialectical humanistic core process of human history as human freedom and limited contradiction development. Augustin's view of history as a historical philosophy and historical theology both -- and has an important effect on the history of western philosophy and Western theology.

【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B503.1

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