德性生命的实践与价值世界的建构——论王阳明良知思想的四重结构

发布时间：2018-01-09 12:17

本文关键词：德性生命的实践与价值世界的建构——论王阳明良知思想的四重结构　出处：《天府新论》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：王阳明的心路历程可分为两个阶段,即:以龙场悟道为时间坐标,前期主要是从方法进入本体,自己如何证道悟道;后期则是从本体开出方法,旁助他人证道悟道。"良知说"作为其晚年的思想总结,即体即用,即用即体,本体与工夫打成一片。具体分析,约有四个层面:(一)"良知"(良知本体);(二)"致良知"(良知实践);(三)"良知教"(良知教育);(四)良知学说(良知理论)。四个方面上下贯通,内外一体,环环相扣,构成了一个全面系统的整体结构。也就是说,在阳明的思想系统中,"良知"既是社会实践不可或缺的道德活泉,也是天道流行发用意义上的宇宙本体,是一切价值产生最深层、最根本的源泉。"致良知"则是道德实践场域的开显与实现,一方面要即用见体,不断化除私欲造成的良知昏蔽现象,彻底证入良知本体;另一方面要依体起用,将良知本体之用扩而充之,使天下万事万物均呈显出价值与意义,从而最终将良知之知转化为良知之行。至于"良知教"显然是人间道德拯救活动的展开与落实,是"下学上达"的生命实践活动的具体指导,根本的原则当为本体与工夫的一致、形上与形下的统一,从而重返生命存在的固有真实。人类的社会实践及其价值的真实到场当然需要理论形态的总结与升华,因而"良知说"既要强调良知的本体论意义,以确保人类道德实践活动形上根源的永不枯竭,也要重视良知的实践论价值,以防止形上本体与人类社会实践活动的区隔。亦即无论本体论与工夫论,心性论与实践论,都必须上下、内外一起打通,同时纳入诚意、正心、致知、格物等一系列工夫系统,形成一个有体有用圆融究竟的理论系统,统合为足以安顿人的精神生命的广袤实践场域。
[Abstract]:Wang Yangming's process of mind can be divided into two stages: first, taking Longchang Good as the time coordinate, the early stage is mainly from the method to the ontology, how to preach the Tao and realize the Tao; In the later period, the method was drawn out from the ontology to help others to preach and understand the Tao. "conscience theory" is the summary of his thoughts in his later years, that is, the body is used, that is, the body is used, and the ontology and the work form one piece. There are about four levels: (1) "conscience" (conscience Noumenon); (2) "to conscience" (conscience practice); (3) "conscience education" (conscience education); (4) the theory of conscience (the theory of conscience). The four aspects are linked up and down, inside and outside one another, forming an overall structure of a comprehensive system, that is, in Yangming's ideological system. "conscience" is not only the indispensable moral spring of social practice, but also the cosmic ontology in the sense of the popularity of the natural way, and the deepest generation of all values. The most fundamental source. "to conscience" is the opening and realization of the field of moral practice. On the other hand, it should be used according to the body, expand the use of the conscience Noumenon, so that all things in the world show value and significance. Therefore, the knowledge of conscience is transformed into a journey of conscience. As for the "conscience religion", it is obviously the development and implementation of moral saving activities on earth, and the concrete guidance of the practical activities of life of "learning to the top". The fundamental principle should be the unity of the ontology and the work, the unity of the form and the form, so as to return to the inherent reality of the existence of life. Of course, the social practice and the true presence of the value of human beings need the summary and sublimation of the theoretical form. Therefore, the theory of conscience should not only emphasize the ontological significance of conscience so as to ensure the inexhaustible root of human moral practice, but also attach importance to the practical value of conscience. In order to prevent the distinction between metaphysical Noumenon and human social practical activities, that is to say, whether ontology and time theory, mind theory and practice theory, we must go up and down, inside and outside together to open up, and at the same time bring into good faith, heart, knowledge. A series of time systems, such as cases and objects, form a theoretical system that is practical and useful, and is integrated into a vast practical field which is sufficient to settle the spiritual life of a human being.
【作者单位】：贵州大学中国文化书院;
【基金】：国家社科重大委托项目“阳明文化与现代国家治理研究”(编号:14@ZH054) 国家社科基金重点项目“阳明学诠释史研究”(编号:17AZX006)阶段性成果
【分类号】：B248.2
【正文快照】： 一、引言:本体与方法的一致与贯通王阳明的心路发展历程,以龙场悟道为历史性的象征标志,可以将其分为前后两个不同的分期阶段。所谓两个不同的分期阶段,根据《年谱》的记载和钱德洪、王畿等人的说法,亦可用前三变和后三变来加以概括。前三变———驰骋于辞章,出入于释、老

【相似文献】