马克思感性生活视域下的梅洛—庞蒂身体理论探析

发布时间：2018-01-14 16:03

本文关键词：马克思感性生活视域下的梅洛—庞蒂身体理论探析　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：纵观哲学史,对身体理论的发展一直有所欠缺,这就是梅洛-庞蒂工作的开端。本文主要围绕对梅洛-庞蒂身体理论的探究,通过对身体的溯源,理清身体理论的各方关系问题。梅洛-庞蒂从批判笛卡尔的二元论出发,将思维统一于身体,赋予了身体能动的特点;同时,为了回答康德的认识如何可能,他又沿袭了现象学朝向事情本身的方法,尝试着发掘认识的来源以及方式,在理论性、科学性和学术性上超越了以往的哲学家。按照胡塞尔的指引,梅洛-庞蒂在吸收了海德格尔的存在理论后,将身体改造成了主体与客体、能动性与受动性、物质与精神统一的整体。从意识意向到身体意向,从意识存在到身体存在,身体理论的生成正是通过将胡塞尔海德格尔化所达到的。然而,通过研究可以发现,身体理论对二元论的终结并不彻底,同时,在回答认识如何可能上,现象学的还原得到的仍然是建立在意识哲学之上的结论,虽然他试图以科学的方式研究思维,但因其脱离了活动、历史等概念,得出的结论依然只是直观的。以马克思的观点看来,这样的哲学缺乏对人的社会属性和历史属性的观照,不能认识到对象性活动的意义。马克思的感性生活是以感性活动为主要原则,通过这一原则将感性由天国带回到人间,由理性暴政发展为感性自由,使感性在社会性、历史性之下观照现实生活中的人,从而实现人的解放。感性生活始终围绕着活动概念,在马克思看来,思维的客观真理性不是理论问题而是实践问题,由此观之,身体理论发展了传统的意识哲学并将其上升到存在论的高度,但没有看到感性活动原则,即在社会活动的视角下观照身体。梅洛-庞蒂虽然恢复了身体在哲学上的地位,却因身体理论建立在意识哲学的基础之上因而无法超越自身。马克思的感性理论在学界已展现了其完成形态,但本文将以感性需要—感性存在—感性活动—感性解放的逻辑脉络对感性生活进行重新解读,其目的是按照这样的逻辑线索一步步展现其与现象学的关系,从而为梅洛-庞蒂的身体理论发展探寻出路。
[Abstract]:Throughout the history of philosophy, there has been a lack of the development of body theory, which is the beginning of Melo-Ponty 's work. On the basis of criticizing Descartes dualism Melo Ponty unifies thinking into the body and endows it with the characteristics of body movement. At the same time, in order to answer Kant's understanding how possible, he followed the phenomenological approach towards the matter itself, trying to explore the source and way of understanding, in theory. According to Husserl's guidance Melo Ponty absorbed Heidegger's theory of existence and transformed body into subject and object activity and passivity. The unity of substance and spirit. From conscious intention to physical intention, from conscious existence to physical existence, the formation of body theory is achieved through the transformation of Husserl Heidegger. However, it can be found through research. Body theory is not complete to the end of dualism, at the same time, in answer to how understanding is possible, phenomenological restoration is still based on the philosophy of consciousness. Although he tried to study thinking in a scientific way, his conclusions were still intuitionistic because they were divorced from the concepts of activity, history, etc. From Marx's point of view. Such a philosophy lacks the view of the social and historical attributes of human beings and fails to realize the significance of the object activities. Marx's perceptual life is based on the perceptual activities as the main principle. Through this principle, the perception will be brought back to the world from heaven, from the rational tyranny to the emotional freedom, so that perception in the social, historical view of the people in real life. In the view of Marx, the objective truth of thinking is not a theoretical problem but a practical one. Body theory develops the traditional philosophy of consciousness and elevates it to the level of existentialism, but it does not see the principle of perceptual activity. That is to view the body from the perspective of social activities. Although Melo-Ponty has restored the body in the philosophical position. But because the body theory is based on the philosophy of consciousness, it can not surpass itself. Marx's perceptual theory has shown its completion form in the academic world. However, this paper will reinterpret perceptual life in the logical context of perceptual need, perceptual existence, perceptual activity and perceptual liberation, the purpose of which is to show the relationship between perceptual life and phenomenology step by step according to such logical clues. So as to find a way out for the development of Melo-Ponty's body theory.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B565.59

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