尼采审美世界观研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 14:15

本文关键词：尼采审美世界观研究　出处：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：与基督教神学世界观和科学世界观不同,尼采审美世界观强调人的价值,尊重生命,能够给人以心灵的慰藉。它肯定痛苦的价值,认为人生的意义就在于战胜痛苦,增强生命力。这就是尼采审美世界观所要传达的：艺术能够带给人形而上的安慰,因此要信仰永恒的生命艺术。尼采审美世界观要求用审美的视角去审视世界,去看待人以及人与自然、人与人的关系等人生的根本问题,强调主体的内在体验,反对理性至上,但又过分地拔高了非理性的作用,这是不合理的。尼采本人并没有提出“审美世界观”这一语词,但这一思想蕴含在他的著作中。论文试图在整体把握下对尼采的审美世界观进行系统的整理、科学的分析、批判的评价。论文指出尼采审美世界观是存在的,并且是在发展中形成的。在《悲剧的诞生》中,尼采首次提出他的美学思想,并用这一思想探讨艺术世界的起源、对艺术作品及艺术家作出评价、思考悲剧精神与德国民族精神的关系等,确立了他的哲学思想的审美视角。尼采审美世界观还是发展的,在《查拉图斯特拉》中尼采提出了“超人”思想,超人是美的,美在其具有超越性、创造性、包容性；在遗稿《权力意志》中,将权力意志的高涨作为审美的标准,将世界的本质归结为意志,也就是说人用权力意志对自身进行审美,这样就将主体与客体统一起来了。尼采审美世界观建立在唯意志论本体论的根基上,是一个将尼采美学与哲学相结合而研究的跨学科主题,将权力意志作为世界(包括人)的本体,并用权力意志进行审美。因此,尼采美学也是唯意志论美学。尼采用这一美学的思想和文艺批评理论的方法探索世界的起源、本质和构成等问题。他并没有明确提出世界起源于何处,而是为人类找到了另一种认识世界和解释世界的方式,那就是古希腊人用神话来解释世界。现象界是被文化谎言的外衣所遮盖的不真实的世界,并且是多变的,唯有艺术界才能使人感受物我统一的情境,那是最朴素的世界,是最真实的生活,这一世界(包含无机物与生命体)是以永恒生成的方式存在的。尼采审美世界观在尼采哲学中占有重要的地位。作为唯意志论哲学的根本内容,既考察了本体论的内容,也考察了认识论的内容；不仅涉及到世界观的内容,也涉及到人生观、价值观等内容。尼采审美世界观还塑造了人生哲学的乐观主义品格,要求积极面对人生的痛苦,更多关注生活中的美。尼采审美世界观也是人本主义价值哲学的支柱,以生命力的增强作为价值的标准,也就是说人的价值在于人对自身的超越。
[Abstract]:Unlike the Christian theological worldview and the scientific worldview, Nietzsche's aesthetic worldview emphasizes the value of human beings, respects life, and can give comfort to the soul. It affirms the value of suffering. It is Nietzsche's aesthetic world view that the meaning of life is to overcome pain and strengthen vitality. This is what Nietzsche's aesthetic worldview conveys: art can bring people metaphysical comfort. So Nietzsche's aesthetic world outlook requires to examine the world from an aesthetic perspective, to look at the fundamental problems of life, such as man and the relationship between man and nature, and to emphasize the internal experience of the subject. It is unreasonable to oppose the supremacy of reason, but also to exalt the role of irrationality. Nietzsche himself did not put forward the word "aesthetic world outlook". However, this thought is contained in his works. The thesis tries to systematize Nietzsche's aesthetic world outlook under the overall control, scientific analysis and critical evaluation. The paper points out that Nietzsche's aesthetic world outlook exists. In the birth of tragedy Nietzsche put forward his aesthetic thought for the first time and used this thought to probe into the origin of the art world and to evaluate the works of art and artists. Considering the relationship between the tragic spirit and the German national spirit, Nietzsche established the aesthetic perspective of his philosophical thought. Nietzsche's aesthetic world outlook was still developed, and Nietzsche put forward the "Superman" thought in Charatustra. Superman is beautiful, beauty in its transcendent, creative, inclusive; In the "will of power", the rise of will of power is regarded as the aesthetic standard, and the essence of the world is reduced to will, that is to say, people use the will of power to aesthetic themselves. Nietzsche's aesthetic worldview is based on the ontological theory of will, which is an interdisciplinary subject that combines Nietzsche's aesthetics with philosophy. Take the will of power as the ontology of the world (including man) and use the will of power to appreciate the beauty. Nietzsche's aesthetics is also volitional aesthetics. Nietzsche explores the origin, essence and composition of the world by the method of this aesthetic thought and literary criticism theory. Instead, another way of understanding and explaining the world has been found for mankind, that is, the ancient Greeks used mythology to explain the world. The phenomenological world is an unreal world covered by cultural lies, and it is changeable. Only the art world can make people feel the situation of unity of things, which is the most simple world, is the most real life. This world (including inorganic substance and life body) exists in the way of eternal generation. Nietzsche's aesthetic world outlook plays an important role in Nietzsche's philosophy. Not only the content of ontology, but also the content of epistemology; Nietzsche's aesthetic worldview not only involves the content of the world outlook, but also involves the outlook on life and values, etc. Nietzsche's aesthetic world outlook also shapes the optimistic character of life philosophy and requires the positive face of the suffering of life. Nietzsche's aesthetic world outlook is also the pillar of humanistic philosophy of value, which takes the enhancement of vitality as the standard of value, that is to say, the value of man lies in the transcendence of man to himself.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B516.47

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