《道德经》道德观研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 06:28

本文关键词：《道德经》道德观研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《道德经》五千言,其辞约而义博,在很多层面予人们生活以指导。面对当今社会深刻的道德危机时,人们也不可避免地把眼光放到了《道德经》的身上。《道德经》以独特的方式构建了一个道德体系,这个体系为我们解决当今社会上存在的道德问题提供了方法引导和理论依据。《道德经》一书由老子所著,分上下两篇,言“道德”之意。《道德经》中的“道”不仅是宇宙万物存在的本原,也是万物运动变化的法则、规律。其中的“德”也具有两个层面的含义:其一为物之德,即世界的本质与事物发展的内在规律;其二为人之德,即人在社会生活中应该具有的道德品质,这里的“德”接近于今天所谓的“道德”。老子的道德思想是特定社会环境与文化环境的产物,具有其时代局限性。《道德经》道德观是从人与自我、人与他人、人与社会、人与自然等四种道德关系的角度展开论述的。在人与自我的关系中,人要有自知之明与知人之智。客观认识自己与他人的情况下,做到清静寡欲,才能实现返朴归真的人生追求;在与他人相处时,应做到知足不争、柔弱谦下、诚信不欺,从而达到人我和谐的理想境界;在人与社会的关系中,《道德经》的侧重点在于统治者的政治道德。老子认为理想的统治者要做到无为而无不为,施政时坚持“以百姓心为心”的原则,对待所有的臣民一视同仁。国家之间也要努力维护和平的关系;在人与自然的相处过程中,人要有“物我为一”的整体意识,以自然的方式对待自然,坚持节俭适度的开发原则,从而实现人与自然的和谐统一。老子的道德观在流传过程中,通过以统治者为主导的社会道德教化和以个人为主体的个人道德内化两条路径进行道德的社会化,时至今日,其道德思想已经内化成人们的思维模式、行为方式,外化成社会的指导思想,在新时代仍然具有现实意义,它不仅有利于缓解当今社会的道德危机,而且有助于我们构建和谐社会。此外,它对于完善当代中国的道德体系、提升中华民族的道德境界更是起着不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:"the Book of Ethics" 5,000 words, its promise and righteousness, in many ways to guide people's lives. In the face of the profound moral crisis in today's society. It is also inevitable that people focus on the Book of morality, which constructs a moral system in a unique way. This system provides method guidance and theoretical basis for us to solve the moral problems existing in today's society. The Book of Ethics is written by Laozi and is divided into two parts. The Tao in the Book of morality is not only the origin of the existence of all things in the universe, but also the law and law of the movement of all things. That is, the essence of the world and the internal law of the development of things; Secondly, morality is the moral quality that people should have in the social life. The "morality" here is close to the so-called "morality" today. Laozi's moral thought is the product of the specific social and cultural environment. It has its own limitations of the times. The moral outlook is discussed from the angle of four kinds of moral relations: man and self, man and others, man and society, man and nature, etc. In the relationship between man and self. People should have self-knowledge and wisdom. Objective understanding of themselves and others, so as to achieve quiet desire, in order to achieve the pursuit of life; When getting along with others, we should achieve contentment, weakness and modesty, honesty and integrity, so as to achieve the ideal state of harmony between man and me; In the relationship between human beings and society, the emphasis of the "Daojing" lies in the political morality of the rulers. Laozi believes that the ideal rulers should do nothing without doing anything, and adhere to the principle of "taking the hearts of the people as the heart" in their administration. Treat all subjects equally. Countries should also strive to maintain peaceful relations; In the process of getting along with nature, man should have the whole consciousness of "matter and me as one", treat nature in a natural way, and adhere to the principle of moderate development of frugality. In order to achieve a harmonious unity between man and nature Laozi's moral concept in the spread process through the rulers as the dominant path of social morality and personal moral internalization of the individual as the main path of moral socialization. Up to now, its moral thought has been internalized into people's thinking mode, behavior mode and externalization into the guiding ideology of the society, which is still of practical significance in the new era, which is not only conducive to alleviating the moral crisis in today's society. In addition, it plays an irreplaceable role in perfecting the moral system of contemporary China and promoting the moral realm of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B223.1

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