从“无极而太极”的自然意志到伦理秩序——周敦颐自然观的价值构建与审视

发布时间：2018-01-17 14:41

本文关键词：从“无极而太极”的自然意志到伦理秩序——周敦颐自然观的价值构建与审视　出处：《自然辩证法研究》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为理学开山,周敦颐认为,“无极而太极”使自然的生成成为可能。他的自然观具有人文性质,是一种伦理型的自然观。其主要内容包括三个方面:1.“无极而太极”是周敦颐自然观的伦理核心;2.“诚”是周敦颐自然观的伦理原则;3.“善”是周敦颐自然观的伦理体现。从自然价值的角度来审视周敦颐的自然观,他将一种无形无象虚空的“无极而太极”作为自然宇宙生成的本源,这在宇宙自然的起源上,并不符合科学依据,显得荒谬。从人文价值的角度上来说,周敦颐的自然观是在应对佛教挑战儒家的“文化焦虑”中产生的。其贡献在于试图为发源于先秦儒家学说建立一个新的,足以与佛教思想相抗衡的自然观的理论框架。不仅如此,他还将这种“实有”的“无极而太极”自然世界作为伦理秩序和道德世界合理性的依据,为儒家道德价值世界的生成与超越奠定了坚实的理论基础。这为后世儒家尤其是宋明理学的发展,起到了重要的推动作用。
[Abstract]:As a Neo-Confucianism, Zhou Dunyi believes that "Taiji without end" makes the formation of nature possible. His view of nature has a humanistic nature. Is an ethical view of nature, the main content of which includes three aspects: 1. "Wuji and Taiji" is the ethical core of Zhou Dunyi's view of nature; 2.honesty is the ethical principle of Zhou Dunyi's view of nature; 3. "goodness" is the ethical embodiment of Zhou Dunyi's view of nature. Examining Zhou Dunyi's view of nature from the angle of natural value, he regards a kind of invisible and empty "Wuji and Taiji" as the origin of the creation of the natural universe. This in the origin of the universe nature, does not accord with the scientific basis, appears absurd. From the human value angle. Zhou Dunyi's view of nature came into being in response to the challenge of Buddhism to Confucian "cultural anxiety", whose contribution is to try to establish a new one for the Confucian doctrine that originated in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. The theoretical framework of the natural view, which can compete with the Buddhist thought, is not only that, he also regards this kind of "infinite and Taiji" natural world as the basis of the ethical order and the rationality of the moral world. It laid a solid theoretical foundation for the formation and transcendence of Confucian moral value world, which played an important role in promoting the development of Confucianism, especially Song Ming.
【作者单位】：贵州师范大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：N031
【正文快照】： 大概是受充满理性精神《周易》的思维模式的影响,从自然观、宇宙论入手来展开对认识论、道德观和伦理观的论述,这是中国传统成熟哲学家的基本进路。周敦颐作为“得圣贤不传之学”〔1〕12710的理学宗主,他“明天理之根源,究万物之终始”〔1〕12712,是从自然观入手来研究认识论

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