荀子与霍布斯政治哲学比较

发布时间：2018-01-20 02:13

本文关键词： 霍布斯荀子政治哲学目的论人性论方法论　出处：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：将荀子与霍布斯的政治哲学作为研究对象,旨在通过比较分析的方法,以探讨二者政治哲学的建构逻辑为视角,力图为构建一种和谐稳定的政治秩序提供参照。荀子与霍布斯的政治哲学是中西方政治哲学史上所共有的珍贵遗产,二人虽然属于不同时代和不同地域的哲学家,关注的问题表象也有着千差万别,然而在本质内涵上,二人在政治哲学的建构上却有着惊人的相似。其一,在政治哲学的目的论方面,荀子与霍布斯都致力于建设一个和谐有序的政治国家,荀子想要通过“圣王政体”实现“明群使分”的社会理想,霍布斯想要通过“君主政体”的方式实现“和平和谐”的社会理想,二者在政治哲学的目的论契合是因为相似的社会历史背景;其二,在政治哲学的人性论方面,荀子和霍布斯都是从唯物主义的宇宙论前提推演出相似的人性论学说,其契合点在于荀子从“性恶”、“性朴”、“化性起伪”的观点,霍布斯从人的“自然状态”出发探讨了实行政治管理的必要性和可能性。其三,在政治哲学的方法论方面,荀子和霍布斯存在着分野与融合,荀子采用的是自上而下的“隆礼重法”和“圣王政体”的建构路径,霍布斯采用的是自下而上的“社会契约”和“君主政体”的建构路径。从目的论、人性论、方法论三方面出发重构荀子与霍布斯的政治哲学,二者虽然有所不同,却又殊途同归。荀子与霍布斯在历史上均存在着严重的争议,重新评估二人在政治哲学思想上发展的价值,为和谐社会的理想秩序建设寻找理论基础,为当今和谐稳定的政治秩序的建设提供智力支持,是本文的目的。
[Abstract]:Taking the political philosophy of Xunzi and Hobbes as the object of study, the purpose of this paper is to explore the constructive logic of the political philosophy of Xunzi and Hobbes from the perspective of comparative analysis. Xunzi and Hobbes' political philosophy is a precious heritage in the history of Chinese and Western political philosophy. Although they belong to philosophers of different times and different regions, their concerns are different in appearance, but in essence, they are surprisingly similar in the construction of political philosophy. In the aspect of teleology of political philosophy, both Xunzi and Hobbes are committed to building a harmonious and orderly political country. Xunzi wants to realize the social ideal of "dividing the Ming and the masses" through the "Holy King regime". Hobbes wants to realize the social ideal of "peace and harmony" through the way of "monarchy", because of the similar social and historical background. Secondly, in the aspect of the theory of human nature of political philosophy, Xunzi and Hobbes deduce the similar theory of human nature from the premise of materialistic cosmology, and the common point lies in Xunzi's "evil of nature" and "simplicity of nature". Hobbes discusses the necessity and possibility of carrying out political management from the point of view of "natural state" of human beings. Thirdly, it discusses the methodology of political philosophy. Xunzi and Hobbes have a separation and fusion, and Xunzi adopts the construction path of "Longli heavy Law" and "Holy King regime" from top to bottom. Hobbes adopts the way of constructing "social contract" and "monarchy" from bottom to top, and reconstructs Xunzi and Hobbes' political philosophy from three aspects: teleology, human nature and methodology. Xunzi and Hobbes had serious disputes in history and reassessed their value in the development of political philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to find a theoretical basis for the construction of ideal order in a harmonious society and to provide intellectual support for the construction of a harmonious and stable political order.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B222.6;B561.22

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