王阳明有无思想的辩证法研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 02:40

本文关键词： 辩证法王阳明本体论认识论价值论　出处：《江南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：辩证法是马克思主义哲学“活的灵魂”。马克思主义辩证法自20世纪传入中国以来能够迅速地被中国人所接受,是因为辩证法与中国传统文化的通变性思想类似,这种思维模式是我们所熟知的。任何外来文化都要经历本土化才能够发展壮大,马克思主义在中国的深入发展也需要从中国传统文化中找根。王阳明由于早年遍读佛老,而后归于孔孟的思想转变过程,其思想中带有明显的有无辩证韵味,但由于大部分学者对王阳明的研究一直处于用至善来诠释他的无善无恶思想,以至于认为他的心学体系是形而上的、是割裂了人与世界关系的学说,其实不然,王阳明的心物关系及知行合一等思想都体现了思维与存在以及与实践的关系,本文尝试从马克思主义辩证法视角对王阳明心学从有无方面做一个新的诠释,并且比较二者的相通之处,使其能够古为今用。王阳明对于“无”的境界的追求及对于“有”的责任的重视、对于当下社会风气的批判和对于“成圣”的可能性的描述,与马克思对于当下资本主义黑暗的批判和对于共产主义实现条件的阐述有异曲同工之处,都是一种通过对现存世界的否定来实现各自理想的方式,体现了辩证法的核心。另外,在具体的思想方面,王阳明和马克思也有相通之处,王阳明认为“心外无理”、“心外无物”其实是在论述不能脱离心的理、不能脱离心的物,这与马克思主义的“人化自然”的辩证法相似,即现象世界是被主体所感知的世界,与人分离的世界,对人来说是“无”。而王阳明所追求的“与物同体”的大我境界是对个体发展的关注,这与马克思通过自然的人道主义和人本质的自然主义所体现的人文关怀在核心内涵上是一致的。用马克思主义辩证法对王阳明心学进行分析,这样不仅有利于帮助我们重新认识中国传统文化中的辩证思维,用中国的思维方式和语言习惯来理解马克思主义哲学,同时又为我们解读马克思主义哲学提供一个形象指引,帮助我们为更好地传播和发展马克思主义寻求本国土壤。
[Abstract]:Dialectics is the "living soul" of Marxist philosophy. Since it was introduced into China in 20th century, Marxist dialectics has been accepted by Chinese people rapidly. The reason is that dialectics is similar to the traditional Chinese culture, and this mode of thinking is familiar to us. Any foreign culture must go through localization in order to develop and grow. The further development of Marxism in China also needs to find a root from the traditional Chinese culture. Wang Yangming, due to his early reading of Buddhism and old, then attributed to the process of Confucius and Mencius thought transformation, his thought has a distinct dialectical flavor. However, most of the scholars have been studying Wang Yangming with the best good to interpret his thought of no good and no evil, so that he thought that his psychological system is metaphysical, is to separate the theory of the relationship between man and the world, but it is not. Wang Yangming's thoughts on the relationship between mind and matter and the unity of knowledge and practice reflect the relationship between thinking, existence and practice. This paper attempts to make a new interpretation of the psychology of Wang Yangming from the perspective of Marxist dialectics. And compare the similarities between the two, so that it can be used for the past. Wang Yangming's pursuit of the "nothing" realm and the importance of "have" responsibility. The criticism of the current social atmosphere and the description of the possibility of "sanctification" are different from Marx's criticism of the current dark capitalism and the elaboration of the conditions for the realization of communism. Both are a way to realize their ideals through the negation of the existing world, which embodies the core of dialectics. In addition, Wang Yangming and Marx have something in common with each other in terms of concrete ideas. Wang Yangming thinks that "unreasonable outside the mind" and "nothing outside the mind" is in fact discussing the principle that the mind cannot be separated from the mind and the matter of the mind, which is similar to the dialectics of Marxism's "humanization of nature". That is, the phenomenal world is the world perceived by the subject and the world separated from the human being, which is "nothing" for the human being, while Wang Yangming's pursuit of the great realm of "being in the same body with things" is the concern for the individual development. This is consistent with the humanistic concern embodied by Marx through natural humanitarianism and naturalism of human nature. This paper analyzes Wang Yangming's psychology with Marxist dialectics. This not only helps us to re-understand the dialectical thinking in Chinese traditional culture, but also helps us to understand Marxist philosophy with Chinese thinking mode and language habit. At the same time, it provides an image guide for us to interpret Marxist philosophy, and helps us to seek the national soil for the better spread and development of Marxism.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B248.2

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