马克思个人观视域下的哈耶克个人主义思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 01:58

本文关键词： 哈耶克真个人主义自生自发秩序马克思　出处：《河北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：哈耶克的个人主义思想借鉴了托马斯·霍布斯、约翰·洛克、大卫·休谟等人关于人性自私的理论,并将亚当·斯密的市场经济自由竞争理论作为理论核心。同时,哈耶克吸收了卡尔·门格尔的方法论个人主义思想和路德维希·米塞斯对社会主义计划经济的批判理论,从而建立起了一整套涵盖经济、政治、法律等多方面的个人主义思想理论体系。哈耶克的个人主义思想包含着真个人主义和自生自发秩序两个方面的内容。真个人主义理论主张把“个人”看作社会行为活动的主体,它一方面反对用社会整体的利益价值来湮没社会个体的利益价值的社会行为;另一方面,也反对社会个体为实现孤立的个人诉求而进行的不受约束的利己主义或无政府主义的社会行为。自生自发秩序理论也立足于个人的本体地位,强调通过社会个体的自发行为来协调个人与个人、个人与社会之间的关系,而政府公权力的社会作用以及存在意义就在于以严格依照法律制度的要求来规范自身的行动为前提,当好社会个体利益的维护者和裁判员。本文从马克思的个人观和唯物史观的角度出发,来审视哈耶克的个人主义理论,发现了其个人主义理论过分强调了个人自发行为的自由和社会发展不平衡的合理性,弱化了政府公权力的约束能力,忽视了实现社会公平的必要性,使得他所极力倡导的个人主义理论由于缺乏真正强有力的规范和约束,难以实现个人的真正自由和全面的发展,终究也是一种“致命的自负”。
[Abstract]:Hayek's individualism draws on the theories of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, and others about human selfishness. And put Adam Smith's theory of free competition in the market economy at the heart of the theory. Hayek absorbed Calle Mengar's methodological individualism and Ludwig Mises' critical theory of socialist planning, and thus established a whole set of economic and political dimensions. Hayek's individualism includes two aspects: true individualism and spontaneous order. The theory of true individualism advocates "individual". As the subject of social behavior. On the one hand, it opposes the social behavior of annihilating the benefit value of the social individual with the benefit value of the whole society; On the other hand, it also opposes the independent self-interest or anarchism social behavior carried out by social individuals in order to realize the isolated individual demands. The theory of spontaneous order is also based on the individual Noumenon position. It emphasizes the coordination of the relationship between individual and individual and between individual and society through the spontaneous behavior of individual in society. And the social function and existence significance of the public power of the government lies in the premise of standardizing its own actions strictly in accordance with the requirements of the legal system. This paper examines Hayek's individualism theory from the perspective of Marx's personal view and historical materialism. It is found that his individualism theory overemphasizes the freedom of individual spontaneous behavior and the rationality of the imbalance of social development, weakens the restraint ability of the government's public power, and neglects the necessity of realizing social justice. Because of the lack of real strong norms and constraints, it is difficult to realize the real freedom and all-round development of the individual, and it is also a fatal conceit after all.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B561.59

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