马尔库塞人本化历史唯物主义思想探析

发布时间：2018-02-01 05:44

本文关键词： 马克思马尔库塞人本主义历史唯物主义　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：历史唯物主义和人本主义作为马克思主义哲学界两个热点的研究方向,随着研究历史的不断积累,其本身也在不断丰富自身的内容和形式,延展出无数的命题和新的定义,是一代又一代马克思主义哲学研究者必不可少的研究对象。马尔库塞也是历史唯物主义和人本主义的研究学者之一,他用自己独特的视角解读了唯物史观,不仅对构建具有社会批判的理论具有重要影响,而且对我们深入解读西方的人本主义化马克思具有重要的理论意义。在马尔库塞的早期思想中。他还深受海德格尔的存在主义和现象学思想的影响。他一直强调马克思主义哲学的历史唯物主义是一种总体性的理论,它不仅包含哲学批判、经济学批判,同时还是强调理论要与实践相结合,而且其最后必然也是指向革命的一种实践。这些观点在马尔库塞的早期思想中体现的很明显。马尔库塞在探寻人本主义化历史唯物主义的过程中,也是将思想的基础与重心构建在现实的人之上。马克思认为人和动物的区别就在于人具有改造外部世界的实践能力,具有对象化活动的特质。马尔库塞同样将自己的观点建立在人之上,但是不同于马克思,马尔库塞认为,在历史唯物主义理论中,人的自由固然是根植于内在本性的,并通过劳动实践得以实现。并在此基础上加以深化研究,进而提出历史唯物主义本质上是一种人本主义的理论。同时提出自己的“新感性”理论,也就是人本主义化历史唯物主义思想的核心。马尔库塞批判西方社会借助科学技术使人丧失自主的意识,控制人的内心,寻求人的“自然的解放”,但是他对人的批判只停留在现象批判上,缺乏本质性的批判,并且在根源问题上缺乏一定的经济分析和阶级分析。纵然理论有一定的局限性,但马尔库塞的人本主义化历史唯物主义思想依然为我们在现时代的实践中提供了重要的启迪作用,为我们揭示了人文关怀的重要性,为构建新世纪的世界观提供了理论支持,为可持续发展战略的实施提供了依据。从而为我们立足中国现当代的建设与实践,实现马克思主义哲学的时代化创造了条件。
[Abstract]:Historical materialism and humanism as two hot research directions of Marxist philosophy, with the accumulation of research history, its own content and forms are constantly enriched. Extending numerous propositions and new definitions is an indispensable research object for generations of Marxist philosophical researchers. Marcuse is also one of the scholars of historical materialism and humanism. He interprets historical materialism from his own unique perspective, which not only has an important impact on the construction of a theory with social criticism. Moreover, it is of great theoretical significance for us to understand the humanization of Marx in the West. In Marcuse's early thought, he was also deeply influenced by Heidegger's existentialism and phenomenology. The historical materialism of Marxist philosophy is a general theory. It not only includes the criticism of philosophy and economics, but also emphasizes the combination of theory and practice. Finally, it must be a kind of practice pointing to revolution. These viewpoints are clearly reflected in Marcuse's early thoughts. Marcuse is exploring the process of humanism and historical materialism. Marx believed that the difference between human beings and animals lies in the ability of human beings to transform the outside world. Marcuse also bases his views on human beings, but different from Marx, Marcuse believes that in historical materialism theory. Human freedom is rooted in the inherent nature, and through the practice of labor can be realized, and on this basis to deepen the study. Then it puts forward that historical materialism is essentially a kind of humanism theory, and at the same time puts forward its own "new perceptual" theory. Marcuse criticizes the western society with the help of science and technology to make people lose their consciousness of independence, control their hearts and seek their "natural liberation". However, his criticism of people only stays on the criticism of phenomenon, lack of essential criticism, and lack of certain economic analysis and class analysis on the root of the problem, even though the theory has some limitations. However, Marcuse's humanistic historical materialism still provides us with an important enlightening role in the practice of the present era, and reveals the importance of humanistic care for us. It provides theoretical support for the construction of the world outlook in the new century, and provides the basis for the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, thus giving us a foothold in the construction and practice of the present and contemporary China. Realizing the epoch of Marxist philosophy has created conditions.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B712.59

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