胡塞尔“生活世界的科学”初探

发布时间：2018-02-03 23:15

本文关键词： 胡塞尔科学危机生活世界的科学超越论的现象　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪科学哲学的经典流派，无论是逻辑实证主义、否证主义，还是历史主义，都站在为科学辩护的分析哲学的立场，围绕科学的合理性问题及科学发展的模式问题，力图揭示科学的本质。但由于它们内在的理论困境，致使科学哲学长期以来难以深入发展。在这种主流科学哲学的传统之外，，还存在一种重要的科学哲学传统，即现象学传统。这种传统的特点是对现代科学持尖锐的批判态度，着眼于对科学的基础和本质进行分析和批判，并尝试通过重建科学的形而上学基础来重构科学的合理性。这一传统的典型代表就是胡塞尔的科学哲学。胡塞尔作为现象学的奠基人，他始终关注着近代以来人类文明发展中出现的一个重要的历史现象，即科学现象，但是，他的科学哲学思想直到二十世纪九十年代以后，在人类面临的生存危机日渐严重的时候，才越来越显示出极为重要的意义。胡塞尔承认科学的进步，但他并不认为科学的合理性问题已经得到了最终的证明。一般认为数学或经典物理学这些起典范作用的科学已经具有了足够的合理性，但在胡塞尔看来它们都不能为科学的合理性提供最终的有效说明。胡塞尔认为合理的科学理念必须由哲学来提供，建立一门作为严格科学的哲学——超越论现象学，为科学奠基，则是他一生的哲学目标。本文主要关注胡塞尔在《欧洲科学的危机与超越论的现象学》著作中重建科学之基的努力。胡塞尔重建科学之基，其实是向历史原初性，真实性的回溯，其目的就是回返“纯粹的主观性”。通过建立一种关于纯粹主观性的超越论现象学，来破解所谓“主观性之谜”，从而彻底解决科学的合理性问题。本文主要依据胡塞尔晚期《危机》这个重要文本，回顾、比较胡塞尔思想的发展，系统挖掘、梳理胡塞尔关于回返生活世界，重建“生活世界的科学”之基础的科学哲学思想。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, the classical schools of philosophy of science, whether logical positivism, disproof doctrine, or historicism, stood in the position of analytical philosophy defending science. Focusing on the rationality of science and the model of scientific development, this paper tries to reveal the essence of science, but because of their inherent theoretical dilemma. It is difficult to develop the philosophy of science for a long time. In addition to the tradition of the mainstream philosophy of science, there is an important tradition of philosophy of science. That is, phenomenological tradition, which is characterized by a sharp critical attitude towards modern science, focusing on the analysis and critique of the foundation and nature of science. The typical representative of this tradition is Husserl's philosophy of science. Husserl, as the founder of phenomenology, tries to reconstruct the rationality of science by reconstructing the metaphysical basis of science. He has always been concerned about an important historical phenomenon in the development of human civilization since modern times, that is, scientific phenomenon, but his philosophy of science until 1990s. It is only when the survival crisis of human being becomes more and more serious that it becomes more and more important. Husserl acknowledged the progress of science. However, he does not think that the rationality of science has been finally proved. It is generally believed that the typical science of mathematics or classical physics already has enough rationality. But in Husserl's view, neither of them can provide the ultimate effective explanation for the rationality of science. Husserl believes that reasonable scientific ideas must be provided by philosophy. To establish a philosophy as a strict science-transcendental phenomenology and lay the foundation for science is his philosophical goal in his whole life. This paper focuses on Husserl's efforts to reconstruct the foundation of science in his book "crisis of Science in Europe and phenomenology of Transcendence". Husserl's reconstruction of the foundation of science is in fact a retrospect of historical originality and authenticity. The purpose is to return "pure subjectivity" and to solve the so-called "mystery of subjectivity" by establishing a transcendental phenomenology on pure subjectivity. In order to solve the rationality of science. This article mainly based on the later Husserl "crisis" this important text, review, compare the development of Husserl thought, systematic mining, combing Husserl about returning to the world of life. The philosophy of science to rebuild the foundation of Science in the Life World.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B516.52

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