《东坡易传》的生命思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-19 22:18

本文关键词： 《东坡易传》苏轼生命思想人性自然　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《东坡易传》是苏轼的哲学代表作。近千年来,苏轼以其文学成就著称于世,实际上,他在哲学领域也取得了显著成绩,他是北宋重要的哲学学派——蜀学的创始人之一和主要代表。苏轼本人也认为其最重要的成就是在哲学方面。苏轼撰写《东坡易传》,“会通诸家,以儒为本”,他敬畏天地生命,探索人生的意义与价值,发扬和提倡人性之自由,在北宋读易解易思潮和各哲学流派的学者中独树一帜。虽然目前学术界对于《东坡易传》究竟为三苏父子共撰还是苏轼一人所成尚有争议,但不可否认的是,《东坡易传》的主要思想还是属于苏东坡的,这的确是苏轼哲学思想之结晶。苏轼历来以其乐观旷达、随缘自适的人格魅力和人生态度影响着一代代的文人学士,深受历代人民群众的喜爱,而他这种生命思想的由来与其读易解易息息相关。《东坡易传》包含了丰富的生命思想,基于苏轼个人生命体验和人生经历,融合儒道,自成一派,成为了其哲学中最为闪光的部分。《东坡易传》的生命思想可以概括为“生命的自然之理”与“生命的人事之功”两部分。从自然角度来看,《东坡易传》阐述了关于生命的生成及其特点的自然主义倾向。苏轼表达了“有生于无”的宇宙生成论思想,认为“无”是最初的开始,“有”是事物的生成。而“易”是当生命万物生生不息,吉凶得失变化齐备时,而运行于其间的“道”。《东坡易传》认为“出于一而两于所在”的对立统一之理是促使生命生成变化的内在力量:生命的千变万化都是在同一中对立二者的基础上形成的,这对立双方和谐圆融地统一于“同一”之中,构成了本体之完整。《东坡易传》表达了生命的几个自然特点:天赋之命不可更改;命运祸福流转无定;性本自然亦不可见,人之性是不可用道德标准和社会属性来加以比拟言说的。“生命的人事之功”部分探讨的是基于生命的自然本质,人的一生应当如何度过,如何让自身生命与现实世界和坎坷时运达成和解。《东坡易传》认为,人应当做到“顺应生命而生”,要安以俟命,无心清静;生于忧患,保持生命运动的不息不止;重视和把握好生命中的时机。苏轼也提出了“理想生命人格”的内涵:生而有责,人应肩负起对其所处的社会和时代的责任;审时度势,根据不同时机形势采取不同行动才能取得成功;与人诚同,真诚的同和才能建立颠扑不破的情谊。对《东坡易传》生命思想的研究有诸多现实意义。从理论方面来说,要学习、继承并发扬苏轼这种在逆境中始终保有独立人格、自由思想并积极进行理论创新的精神,敢于向权威和陈规提出挑战,形成自身的治学风格。对现代人的生活来说:要直面福祸,泰然处之;保持生命积极向上的状态;把握时机,审时度势;培德养才,提升自身,减轻对物欲的追逐和外在荣辱对人的消磨,开拓广阔的精神空间。
[Abstract]:Dongpo Yi Zhuan is the representative work of Su Shi's philosophy. In the last thousand years, Su Shi has been famous for his literary achievements, but in fact, he has made remarkable achievements in the field of philosophy. He was one of the founders and principal representatives of Shu School, an important school of philosophy in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi himself thought that his most important achievement was in philosophy. To explore the meaning and value of life, to carry forward and promote the freedom of human nature, In the Northern Song Dynasty, the scholars who read the Yi Yi ideological trend and various philosophical schools are unique. Although there is still controversy in the academic circles about whether the book "Dongpo Yi Zhuan" is a co-compilation of "three Su" and "Su Shi". But it is undeniable that the main ideas of Dongpo Yi Zhuan still belong to Su Dongpo, which is indeed the crystallization of Su Shi's philosophy. Su Shi has always been optimistic and open-minded. The personality charm and life attitude that follow suit influence the literati of the generation after generation, deeply loved by the masses of the people in the past dynasties, and the origin of his life thought is closely related to his easy to understand. Dongpo Yi Zhuan contains rich life thought. Based on Su Shi's personal life experience and life experience, he merged Confucianism and Taoism into a school of his own. The life thought of Dongpo Yi Zhuan can be summarized as "the principle of Nature of Life" and "the work of personnel of Life". From the natural point of view, Dongpo Yi Zhuan expounds Guan. The naturalism tendency of life and its characteristics. Su Shi expressed the idea of "having born out of nothing". It is believed that "nothing" is the initial beginning, "have" is the creation of things, and "Yi" is when all things in life are born, and the good or bad changes are complete. "Tao", which runs in the middle of it, holds that the unity of opposites of "out of one and two in place" is the internal force that causes life to change: the ever-changing nature of life is formed on the basis of the same and the opposite. This opposition is harmoniously United in the "same", forming the integrity of the Noumenon. "Dongpo Yi Zhuan" expresses several natural characteristics of life: the natural order cannot be changed, the fate and fortune flow unsettled, and the nature itself is invisible. Human nature cannot be compared with moral standards and social attributes. The part of "the work of personnel in life" explores the natural nature of life, and how one's life should be spent. How to reconcile one's life with the real world and the rough times? Dongpo Yi Zhuan holds that one should "live in accordance with life", live in peace, be calm, be born into distress, and keep the movement of life going on. Su Shi also put forward the connotation of "ideal life personality": born with responsibility, people should shoulder the responsibility to the society and the times in which they live; Only by taking different actions according to different circumstances can we succeed; be honest with others, and sincere friends can build an unbreakable friendship. There is a lot of practical significance to the study of life thought in Dongpo Yi Zhuan. In theory, we should learn from it. Inheriting and carrying forward Su Shi's spirit of keeping an independent personality, thinking freely and actively carrying out theoretical innovation in adverse circumstances, and daring to challenge authority and stereotypes, To the life of modern people, we should face the good fortune and take it calmly; keep the life positive and upward; seize the opportunity and judge the situation; and raise our talents and improve ourselves. Reduce the pursuit of material desire and external honor and disgrace to people, open up a broad spiritual space.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B244.99

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