论先秦儒家“义利之辩”

发布时间：2018-02-24 09:29

本文关键词： 先秦儒家义利之辩道德利益　出处：《河北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：义与利是儒家思想中的重要观念,先秦儒家的孔子、孟子和荀子以及其他学者对义利观念都提出了自己的观点和主张。在儒家思想中,对义与利之间关系的阐述,是区分不同领域,针对不同对象,在某些特定的情况下所提出的各自不同的具体的义利主张,而并非就是在一种绝对抽象的意义中空谈义与利。在现实经验层面,义是衡量人们行为方式的伦理规范;在终极关怀层面,义是一种绝对道德意义的完满至善。利主要是指与财富相关的中性范畴,即好处、利益,其本身并不具有善恶道德意义的性质,物质利益是满足人们日常生活的正当需求。对于不同领域的不同主体如何求利,先秦儒家学者对此做出了具体的要求。儒家学者并不认为合理获取利益不道德,他们所反对的是不道德地求利。先秦儒家思想中的义利观是非常具体的,有条件性和针对性的,他们往往是针对不同层次的利益主体讲不同的利,对不同层次的人群提出不同的道德和利益要求,而不是只用一个义利标准来规定身处不同领域不同层次的所有社会成员。然而,先秦儒家在创立思想理论之初对其思想体系的阐述并不十分周严,各个领域之间的界限并不十分清晰,其义利观思想也是一样。时过境迁,后世学者在对其重新解读时,也会针对当时现实社会中不同具体情况做出具体分析,这就很可能使其理论与先秦儒家思想出现不同的情况。诚然,这种变化在一定程度上可以说对先秦儒家思想起到某种补充和发展意义。然而一旦这些理论遭遇特定的社会文化环境以及特殊的文本诠释者,那么先秦儒家义利观念思想就会很难摆脱其文本原意被明显歪曲的命运。这样一来,被人为改变后的儒家义利观念会对当世及后世社会文化思想造成不可估量的消极影响。这样一来,被改变后的儒家利益观念与先秦时期儒家义理思想二者之间存在很大不同。因此,厘清先秦儒家义利观念的真实含义和具体主张,对于正确引导国人树立合理的义利观具有至关重要的理论价值和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Righteousness and interest are important ideas in Confucianism. Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, as well as other scholars in the pre-Qin period, put forward their own views and opinions on the concept of righteousness and interest. It is to distinguish between different fields, to aim at different objects, and to put forward different specific claims of justice and interest under certain specific circumstances, rather than to talk about righteousness and interest in an absolutely abstract sense. At the level of practical experience, Righteousness is the ethical norm to measure people's behavior, and in the ultimate care level, righteousness is the perfect and most perfect moral meaning. Benefit mainly refers to the neutral category related to wealth, that is, benefits, interests, and benefits. It does not have the nature of moral meaning of good and evil, material interest is to meet the legitimate needs of people's daily life. How to seek profit for different subjects in different fields, The Confucian scholars in the Pre-Qin Dynasty made specific demands on this. The Confucian scholars did not think that it was immoral to obtain the benefits reasonably, what they opposed was the immoral pursuit of profit. The view of righteousness and profit in the pre-Qin Confucian thought was very specific, conditional and targeted. They tend to focus on different interests at different levels of interest, and put forward different moral and interest requirements to different levels of people. Instead of using only one standard of righteousness and profit to define all members of society in different fields and at different levels, however, the pre-Qin Confucianism did not elaborate its ideological system very strictly at the beginning of its founding. The boundaries between the various fields are not very clear, and so is his view of righteousness and profit. When the times have changed, later scholars will also make specific analysis of the different specific conditions in the real society at that time when they reinterpret them. This is likely to make its theory different from the pre-Qin Confucianism. To a certain extent, this change can be said to be a supplement and development significance to the pre-Qin Confucianism. However, once these theories encounter a specific social and cultural environment as well as a special text interpreter, Then it will be very difficult for the pre-Qin Confucian ideas of righteousness and interest to get rid of the fate of their textual intent being obviously distorted. In this way, The artificially changed Confucian concept of justice and interest will have an incalculable negative impact on the social and cultural thoughts of the present and later generations. There is a great difference between the change of the Confucian interest concept and the Confucian thought of righteousness and principle in the pre-Qin period. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the true meaning and concrete proposition of the pre-Qin Confucian concept of righteousness and benefit. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to correctly guide people to set up a reasonable view of righteousness and profit.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B222

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